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Anis A, Das A, Das Kirtania M, Das L, Roy Biswas G. Gastro-retentive Drug Delivery Systems Based on Pectin: An Overview. Pharm Biomed Res 2026; 12 (1) :9-26
URL: http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-722-en.html

Background: Controlled drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release therapeutic agents in a regulated manner to maintain consistent plasma drug concentrations. Among these systems, gastro-retentive DDS (GRDDS) have gained considerable attention due to their ability to prolong gastric residence time, thereby enhancing drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy for drugs absorbed primarily in the stomach or upper gastrointestinal tract.
Objectives: This review aimed to critically examine the role of pectin-based polymers in the development of GRDDS, with particular emphasis on formulation strategies using high- and low-methoxylated pectins.
Results: Pectin, a naturally derived polysaccharide, is widely utilized in pharmaceutical formulations owing to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxic nature, and excellent gel-forming capacity. Based on its degree of methoxylation (DM), pectin is classified into high-methoxylated and low-methoxylated forms, each exhibiting distinct physicochemical and functional properties. Low-methoxylated pectin has been extensively explored in floating DDS due to its calcium-dependent gelation behavior. In contrast, high-methoxylated pectin demonstrates strong mucoadhesive properties, making it suitable for mucoadhesive gastro-retentive formulations. Comparative studies with other natural polymers highlight the versatility of pectin in GRDDS design.
Conclusion: Pectin-based gastro-retentive formulations represent a promising and sustainable approach for controlled drug delivery. Understanding the distinct characteristics of high- and low-methoxylated pectin enables the rational design of effective GRDDS, potentially improving therapeutic outcomes and patient compliance.