Volume 10, Issue 4 (2024)
Pharm Biomed Res 2024, 10(4): 279-290 |
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Sami H, Jain A, Singhai A K. A Review Study on Reverse Iontophoresis and Its Applications. Pharm Biomed Res 2024; 10 (4) :279-290
URL: http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-636-en.html
URL: http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-636-en.html
1- Lakshmi Narain College of Pharmacy, Bhopal, India.
2- School of Pharmacy, LNCT University, Bhopal, India.
2- School of Pharmacy, LNCT University, Bhopal, India.
Abstract: (808 Views)
When treating patients with an arterio-venous fistula, reverse iontophoresis (RI) was applied to the nondominant arm, or the arm free of the fistula. For the individuals receiving hemodialysis, sampling was done during dialysis. Before beginning the study, peritoneal dialysis patients were completely drained. MIC2® Iontophoresis Controller (Wilmington, DE, USA: Moon Instruments Inc. Early in the 1970s, therapeutic drug monitoring was implemented with the goals of reducing systemic toxicity, enhancing patient safety, and customizing the dosing regimen. Medications with a narrow therapeutic index, undesirable effects related to concentration, and pharmacokinetic changes are regarded as potential candidates for therapeutic drug monitoring. By using a low-level electrical current to induce electroosmotic flow, sometimes known as RI, glucose can be retrieved through undamaged skin. Continuous blood glucose monitoring becomes feasible and simple with the use of this RI-based extraction approach, which also removes the discomfort and inconvenience that typical fingerstick blood tests cause diabetic patients. The watch uses a flexible electrochemical sensor patch coated in Nafion that is fastened to the watchband to trans-dermally collect interstitial fluid at the wrist. The epidemics of diabetes and obesity are just two of the many causes contributing to the rising global burden of chronic kidney disease, which is also partially attributable to better screening. Premature newborns are a vulnerable group of patients that require close and ongoing monitoring. They are frequently treated with various medications and intense clinical care. Non-invasive techniques are widely appreciated for early skin cancer diagnosis. Monitoring pertinent biomarkers on the skin’s surface, such as tryptophan (Trp) and kynurenine (Kyn), is one strategy that might be used. Therefore, the principal goal of this in vitro study is to determine whether RI could improve the extraction of Trp and Kyn. This review demonstrates what RI is along with the use of RI in the diagnosis and surveillance of many diseases, including diabetes, chronic kidney disease, lithium monitoring, newborn monitoring, and transdermal biomarker extraction.
Keywords: Reverse iontophoresis (RI), GlucoWatch biographer, Chronic kidney disease, Lithium monitoring, Neonates monitoring
Type of Study: Review article |
Subject:
Pharmaceutics
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