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Background: Mangrove ecosystems have been known to possess diverse secondary metabolites and a good number of bioactive compounds of pharmaceutical importance have been reported from the mangrove plants. They are biochemically unique, producing wide array of natural products with unique bioactivity. They possess active metabolites with some novel chemical structures which belong to diverse chemical classes.
Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity of four major mangrove plants (Excoecaria agallocha, Acrostichum aureum, Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia officinalis).
Methods: For this purpose, at first phytochemical screening of the selected plants were observed. Then, the bioactivity as preliminary cytotoxic activity was performed using Brine Shrimp Lethality (BSL) bioassay where significant 50% Lethal Concentration (LC₅₀) was exerted using polar solvent (ethanol) extract of different plant parts (leaf, bark and stem). Then, Resazurin Cell Viability Assay was performed only for ethanolic leaf and bark extracts of E. agallocha using four standard bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, and Staphylococcus aureus).
Results: The experimental findings showed significantly strong LC₅₀ by ethanolic leaf and bark extracts of E. agallocha and other plants like A. corniculatum, A. aureum, A. officinalis showed moderate and negligible cytotoxicity, respectively. Then, the experimental findings showed significantly strong IC₅₀ by ethanolic bark extracts.
Conclusion: The screens employed in this present study are preliminary and advanced assays are needed to verify and reveal further this bioactivity present in those plants, particularly E. agallocha.

Keywords: Phytochemical screening, Anticancer activity, Brine shrimp lethality assay, Resazurin cell viability assay

     

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