1 2423-4486 Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 130 Pharmaceutics Antifungal potential of tolnaftate against Candida albicans in the treatment of onychomycosis: development of nail lacquer and ex vivo characterization Akhtar Nida b Sahu Soniya c Pathak Kamla d b Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, P.O. Chhatikara, Mathura- 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India c Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, P.O. Chhatikara, Mathura- 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India d Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy College Saifai, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah-206130, Uttar Pradesh, India. 1 9 2016 2 3 1 12 01 11 2016 01 11 2016 Onychomycosis constitutes the most common fungal infection of nail affecting finger and toe nails as well. Antifungals found to be effective in the treatment of onychomycosis. However, transport of oral antifungal agents exhibits more toxicity and requires longer treatment period. Medicated nail lacquers proved to cause lesser toxicity and required shorter treatment period. It provides not only finger/toe nail infection therapy and but also act as a protection for nails. Thus, the objective behind the present investigation was to develop nail lacquer for transungual delivery of tolnaftate. Its potency had been assessed by evaluating penetration efficiency across the bovine hoof membrane. Preliminary studies aided the optimization of thioglycolic acid as permeation enhancer (HEFmax 0.60 ± 0.377) and menthol as local anaesthetic. n-butanol:isopropyl alcohol with optimum drying time of 60 sec was selected as optimum solvent system. In total nine formulations were developed based on 32  full factorial design and characterized for drying time, non-volatile content, in vitro adhesion and permeation study. Based on highest desirability, F6 was selected as an optimized formulation and evaluated for viscosity, stability and antifungal activity. Optimized formulation exhibited optimum viscosity and stability for 1 month period. Better antifungal activity was observed against Candida albicans in comparison to the control formulation. Thus, it can be concluded from the investigation that nail lacquer could proved to be a better alternative for transungual delivery of tolnaftate.
122 Biotechnology Cannabis sativa L. genetically transformed root based culture via Agrobacterium rhizogenes Berahmand Farnoush e Beizaee Negin f Dehghan Nayyeri Maryam g Sharafi Ali h Kheiri Manjili Hamidreza i Danafar Hossein j Hashemi Sohi Haleh k e Student Researches Committee, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran f Student Researches Committee, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran g Student Researches Committee, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran h Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran i Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran j Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran k National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran 1 9 2016 2 3 13 18 14 09 2016 14 09 2016 It is an increased interest in the therapeutic potential of Cannabis sativa L. (marijuana) for treatment of multiple sclerosis and HIV neuropathy. Because of limitation in cultivation of this plant, an efficient hairy root induction system for Cannabis sativa L. was developed in the present study. Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation performed by two different co-cultivation mediums and four different bacterial strains including A4, ATCC15834, MSU440, and A13 (MAFF-02-10266). Genomic DNA from putative transgenic hairy root lines and the control root was extracted using a modified CTAB protocol. Molecular analysis of transformed root lines was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers of the rolB gene. The transformation frequency by Murashige and Skoog co-cultivation medium resulting in hairy root induction frequencies of 42.3%, 46.3%, 68.6% and 39.3% by A4, ATCC15834, MSU440, and A13 strains, respectively. There was no significant difference between MS or ½ MS co-cultivation mediums.  This study established a reliable protocol for induction of hairy roots of C. sativa. The best A. rhisogenes strain was MSU440. It was observed no significant difference between MS and ½ MS co-cultivation mediums on transformation frequency. 125 Clinical Pharmacy Serum zinc and copper levels in children with febrile convulsion Shokrzadeh Mohammad l Abbaskhaniyan Ali m Rafati Mohammadreza n Mashhadiakabr Mahdi o Arab Ali p l Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran m Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran n Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran o Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran p Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran 1 9 2016 2 3 19 24 01 10 2016 01 10 2016 Febrile convulsions (FC) are the most common neurologic disorder in children 6-60 months of age. Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) play role as cofactors in more than 300 enzymatic activities significantly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship serum levels of Zn and Cu with seizure occurrence in febrile children. In this case-control study, 270 children with 6 month to 6 years were evaluated. The patients were enrolled in three groups: a) children with febrile convulsion, b) febrile children without convulsion and c) healthy ones. After recording of all patients’ characteristics, 5 mL blood was taken from peripheral vessels at the first 12 hours of hospitalization. Absorption of all samples was read by BRAIC (Rayleigh instrument) company, WFX-130 model with calibration diagram, considering samples dilution levels. The mean of serum Zn levels in children with FC were significantly lower than other two groups. Mean serum Cu levels in children with FC and non-FC patients were significantly higher than healthy children. No meaningful differences were observed in serum levels of Zn and Cu among the girl or boy cases. This study showed significant lower serum zinc level in children with febrile seizure and meaningful higher serum copper level than control group cases. There was no significant difference in level of serum zinc and copper in term of sex. 128 Clinical Pharmacy Comparison of leeching and heparin therapy in management of acute venous congestion of limbs in rat Mousavi Seyed Abdollah Ghasemi Maryam Mousavi Seyed Jaber Mousavi Darka Seyyed Saied Bagheri Vafa Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Community Medicine Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran General physician, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of General Surgery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 1 9 2016 2 3 25 30 26 10 2016 26 10 2016 Acute venous congestion leads to blood stasis in the tissue and impaired blood perfusion. Using medicinal leech is an old method for reducing tissue congestion. There are numerous factors in leech saliva and hirudin that have important roles in the leeching beneficial effect. In this study, an animal study was performed to compare leech therapy with heparin therapy in the treatment of acute venous congestion. Thirty male rats were divided into three groups. In the first group, an acute venous congestion was induced at the thigh. Decongestion was performed through the touch of hirudo medicinalis leech. In the second group, heparin sodium was injected, after tourniquet removal. Eventually, no treatment or procedure was performed in the third group after opening of tourniquet. Histopathological and biochemical analysis were performed in these rat. Edema size in heparin therapy and control groups was significantly greater than leech therapy group. Creatine phosphokinase blood level in leech therapy group was significantly lower than the control group, but this difference was unobserved between heparin therapy and control. In contrast, the level of lactate dehydrogenase and aldolase greatly increased in the control group, which received no intervention. Also in histopathological assessment, the level of tissue damage in both heparin and leech therapy groups showed a significant decrease as compared to the control group. Leech therapy can probably be more effective in the reducing of cellular damage caused by acute tissue congestion as compare to heparin therapy. 126 Pharmaceutics Evaluation of heavy metal content of some lipsticks in Iran market Naalbandi Hamed Saeedi Majid Moharrami Moghanlou Omid Akbari Jafar Morteza-Semnani Katayoun Alizadeh Raouf Esfahani-Zadeh Mohammad Hossein Tajbakhsh Mahgol Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Central Lab., Vice Chancellor of Food and Drug, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Central Lab., Vice Chancellor of Food and Drug, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 1 9 2016 2 3 31 37 01 10 2016 01 10 2016 This study quantitatively estimated heavy metals as cadmium, lead, chromium and nickel (Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni) using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) in ten lipstick products sold by local markets in Sari, Mazandaran State, Iran. All the samples were digested in HNO3 and HClO4 and then evaluated for heavy metal contents. All the concentrations are mean value of triplicate experiments for each sample. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc tests were used to determine significant variations in heavy metal contents and p < 0.05 was considered as significant. The determined range of cadmium, lead, chromium and nickel were 0.01-0.05  𝜇g /g, 0.18-0.80  𝜇g/g, 0.06-0.75 𝜇g/g, and 0.00-0.34 𝜇g/g, respectively. These results showed that nickel and cadmium contents were less than WHO and US FDA safe limit, while for chromium only one samples (No. 5) showed higher concentration than safe limit. The content of lead in all samples were lower than safe limit unless sample 6 which showed high level of lead. 121 Drug Analysis High performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of ezetimibe in pharmaceutical formulation tablets Danafar Hossein Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 1 9 2016 2 3 38 46 14 09 2016 14 09 2016 Ezetimide belongs to a class of lipid lowering    compounds    that    selectively    inhibits intestinal   absorption   of   cholesterol   and   related phytosterols. The purpose of this study is to establish a reliable and quick method for the assignment of ezetimibe in tablets form by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). A rapid  and  sensitive  HPLC  method  has  been developed  for  determination  of  ezetimibe in tablets formulation.  Mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile-ammonium acetate (10 mM, pH 3.0), 75:25 (v/v) with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The eluted peaks were detected by a UV detector was set at wavelength of 240 nm. The method results in excellent separation with good resolution of analyte. Standard curves were linear (r = 0.996) over the wide ezetimibe concentration range of 10-60.0 µg mL-1 with acceptable accuracy and precision. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of the method were 5 and 10 µg/ml, respectively. The average drug recovery was 95.3% throughout the linear concentration range. Statistical  assessment  of  various  in  vitro  dissolution  parameters  and  assay  results was  also  conducted  to  establish  if  there were  any significant difference among them. The validated HPLC method has been used successfully to study ezetimibe. Due to simplicity, rapidity and accuracy of the method, we believe that the method will be useful for routine quality control analysis. 136 Chemistry A comparative analysis of in vitro antioxidant potential of crude extracts of Tridax procumbens L. in different solvents and in vitro hypoglycemic potential of its hydro-alcoholic extract Nair Smita Dixit Savita . Ganesh N Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India-462003 Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India-462003 Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India-462032 1 9 2016 2 3 47 55 02 12 2016 02 12 2016 The therapeutic potential of crude extracts of aerial parts (stem, leaves and flowers) of Tridax procumbens was screened for in vitro antioxidant potential and alpha amylase inhibitory action. The crude hydro-methanolic, aqueous and petroleum ether extracts were obtained by percolation-maceration method using 50% methanol, double distilled water and petroleum ether as solvents. Phytochemical screening of these extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, phenols, steroids and carbohydrate. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated for free radical scavenging by hydrogen peroxide scavenging and superoxide scavenging potential. The in vitro alpha amylase inhibition action of hydro-methanolic extract of aerial parts of the plant (HMETP) was evaluated for hypoglycemic properties using starch as substrate. Mode of inhibition of the enzyme was also determined. The results indicated that hydro-methanolic extract showed significant antioxidant potency at concentration of 25-80 μg as compared to aqueous and petroleum ether extracts and also possess alpha amylase inhibitory property. Hence it can be suggested that hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of Tridax procumbens has potential as an antioxidant and probably in biological systems as a nutraceutical for hypoglycemia. 195 General Retracted: A brief review of plagiarism in medical scientific research papers. By Mohammad Karami, Gholam Hassan Danaei. [Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research 2016:2(2):1-8] 1 9 2016 2 3 56 56 24 09 2018 24 09 2018 The Editor and Publisher regretfully have to retract the following publication due to similar to a published article prepared by Rabab A.A. Mohammed et al. entitled Plagiarism in medical scientific research in Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences (2015) 10(1) 6-11. We apologize for any inconvenience caused by this retraction to readers and authors of last published article.