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Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of the Essential Oil of Cassia singueana Flowers Growing in Nigeria 2 2 Cassia singueana (Delile) Lock from the family Fabaceae is a well-known medicinal plant that grows abundantly in Nigeria and other African countries, and has long been used in the treatment of various ailments including malaria and other infectious diseases. The present study aimed at assessing the composition, and bioactivity of the essential oil of the flowers of C. singueana collected from Nigeria. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and the chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and GC coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The bioactivity of the oil was determined using the brine shrimp lethality assay, agar diffusion antimicrobial test, the 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, metal chelation, and superoxide anion antioxidant assays. The essential oil yield and the percentage of identified compounds were 1.58% and 97.91%, respectively. More than 20 compounds were identified. The major component was geranyl acetone (36.82%) followed by phytol (18.12%). The essential oil showed lethality against the brine shrimp larvae with an LC50 value of 18.7 µg/ml, and antimicrobial activity with largest inhibition zones of 32-33 mm against Candida albicans, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The oil also exhibited considerable antioxidant activity as evident from its ability to scavenge free-radicals such as DPPH, superoxide anions, and metal-chelation. 1 7 2019/06/8 1398/3/18 2019/08/28 1398/6/6 Bilkisu Adedoyin Bilkisu Adedoyin Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria Nigeria Aminu Muhammed Aminu Muhammed Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria Nigeria Sani Mohammed Dangoggo Sani Mohammed Dangoggo Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria Nigeria Abdullahi Rabah Abdullahi Rabah Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, United Kingdom Nigeria George Sharples George Sharples Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, United Kingdom United Kingdom Lutfun Nahar Lutfun Nahar Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, United Kingdom United Kingdom Satyajit Sarker Satyajit Sarker Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, United Kingdom United Kingdom Cassia singueana Fabaceae Essential oils Antimicrobial Antioxidant Brine shrimp lethality assay 1. 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Sobeh M, Mahmoud ME, Hasan RA, Cheng H, El-Shazly AM, Wink M. Senna singueana: antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antiapoptotic properties and phytochemical profiling of a methanol bark extract. Molecules 2017; 22: pii: E1502.##7. Ior L. In vivo assessment of the antimalarial activity of Cassia singueana and Cymbopogon citrus. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 115:126.##8. Ibrahim MA, Islam MS. Antidiabetic effects of the acetone fraction of Senna singueana stem bark in a type 2 diabetes rat model. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 153:392-9.##9. Ottu OJ, Atawodi SE, Onyike E. Antioxidant, hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic effects of methanolic root extract of Cassia singueana in rats following acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride intoxication. Asian Pacific J Trop Med 2013; 6:609-15.##10. Ibrahim MA, Koorbanally NA, Islam MS. In vitro antioxidative activities and GC-MS analysis of various solvent extracts of Cassia singueana parts. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica 2013; 70:709-19.##11. 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Hydroalcoholic Extract of Iranian Caper Leaves Protects Hepatic Toxicity by Suppressing Oxidative Stress in Mice 2 2 Capparis spinosa L. (caper) is an aromatic plant, commonly used in the Mediterranean diet, possessing numerous antioxidant compounds, such as phenols, rutin, tocopherols, carotenoids, and vitamin C in its leaves. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of Iranian caper leaves extract on oxidative stress caused by CCl4 in the mice’s liver.This study was conducted on 42 male mice in seven groups. The control group, the sham group, the CCl4 group, the Iranian caper leaves extract 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg + CCl4 groups. Then, Biochemicals, oxidative stress, and hepatic histopathology parameters were evaluated. The co-administration of Iranian caper leaves extract, and CCl4 significantly decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde (P<0.001) and significantly increased the levels of glutathione and catalase in comparison with the group treated with CCl4 alone (P<0.01). Furthermore, Iranian caper leaves extract improved histopathological changes such as the the inflammation and necrosis of hepatocytes. Iranian caper leaves extract has protective effects on hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4, mainly through suppressing oxidative stress. 8 14 2019/06/82019/06/17 1398/3/27 2019/08/282019/07/8 1398/4/17 Heibatullah Kalantari Heibatullah Kalantari Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Iran kalantarih@yahoo.com Anis Alijani Anis Alijani Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Iran Aalijanianis@yahoo.com Parvin Kheradmand Parvin Kheradmand Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Iran Dr.kheradmandpar64@yahoo.com Maedeh Goodarzian Maedeh Goodarzian Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Iran dr_maedehg@yahoo.com Leila Zeidooni Leila Zeidooni Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Iran leilazeidooni@gmail.com Iranian caper Carbon tetrachloride Oxidative stress Liver Mice 1. 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Production and Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody Neutralizing Poliovirus Type 2 2 2 Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) are used for biomedical research, diagnosis, treatment, production, and the quality control of biological products. mAbs are also very helpful in poliovirus research studies because it is still one of the major public health problems in developing countries. The main objective of this study was the production of mAbs against Poliovirus Type 2 (PV2) to be prepared and respond to the re-emergence of this virus. After fusion of immunized B cells prepared from mice with myeloma tumor cells and screening of about 250 hybridoma colonies, 22 with the highest antibody titer and without cross-reaction with others types were selected and cloned by limiting dilution. In the end, two colonies capable of secreting mAbs against epitopes of  PV2  were used to produce mAbs. The mAbs were characterized by antibody assays, isotyping, and epitopes analysis using western blotting test, the cross-reactivity with other types, as well as stability, sterility, and mycoplasma tests. The results indicated that the produced mAbs had high specificity, sensitivity and stability against PV2 without any cross-reactivity and were of IgG1 Kappa chain with similar bands at 26 kDa during electrophoresis associated with viral protein VP3 neutralization. These mAbs were specific in serum neutralization tests for PV2 vaccine strain, and therefore, they are potentially valuable for routine polio research, diagnosis, isolation, production, and control of poliovirus vaccines. 15 19 2019/06/82019/06/172019/05/21 1398/2/31 2019/08/282019/07/82019/08/18 1398/5/27 مرتضی کمال زاده Morteza Kamalzadeh Department of viral quality control, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Iran m.kamalzadeh@rvsri.ac.ir سینا سلیمانی Sina Soleimani Department of Biobank, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Iran s.soleimani@rvsri.ac.ir محسن لطفی Mohsen Lotfi Department of viral quality control, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Iran m.lotfi@rvsri.ac.ir Monoclonal antibody Hybridoma Cloning Polio type 2 Virus 1. 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Gary Jr HE, Freeman C, Peñaranda S, Maher K, Anderson L, Pallansch MA. Comparison of a monoclonal antibody-based IgM capture ELISA with a neutralization assay for assessing response to trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine. J Infect Dis 1997; 175:S264-S7.##9. Bradbury A, Pluckthun A. Standardize antibodies used in research: to save millions of dollars and dramatically improve reproducibility, protein-binding reagents must be defined by their sequences and produced as recombinant proteins, say Andrew Bradbury, Andreas Pluckthun and 110 co-signatories. Nature 2015; 518:27-30.##10. De Geus B, Hendriksen C. In vivo and in vitro production of monoclonal antibodies: current possibilities and future perspectives. Res Immunol 1998; 149:533-4.##11. Gupta C, Sokhey J, Gupta R, Singh H. Development of allogenic hybridomas for production of monoclonal antibodies against oral polio vaccine strains. Vaccine 1991; 9:853-4.##12. Hashido M, Horie H, Abe S, Doi Y, Hashizume S, Agboatwalla M, et al. Evaluation of an Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on Binding Inhibition for Type‐Specific Quantification of Poliovirus Neutralization‐Relevant Antibodies. Microbiol Immunol 1999; 43:73-7.##13. He Y, Mueller S, Chipman PR, Bator CM, Peng X, Bowman VD, et al. Complexes of poliovirus serotypes with their common cellular receptor, CD155. J Virology 2003; 77:4827-35.##14. Horie H, Sato M, Doi Y, Hashizume S. The use of antipoliovirus monoclonal antibodies as an improved safety test for oral live poliomyelitis vaccine. Vaccine 1996; 14:35-41.##15. Adams JJ, Nelson B, Sidhu SS. Recombinant genetic libraries and human monoclonal antibodies. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1060:149-70.##16. Kew OM, Sutter RW, de Gourville EM, Dowdle WR, Pallansch MA. Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication. Annu Rev Microbiol 2005; 59:587-635.##17. Kim HY, Stojadinovic A, Izadjoo MJ. Immunization, hybridoma generation, and selection for monoclonal antibody production. Methods Mol Biol 2014;1131:33-45.##18. Kouiavskaia D, Chen Z, Dragunsky E, Mirochnitchenko O, Purcell R, Chumakov K. A single chimpanzee-human neutralizing monoclonal antibody provides post-exposure protection against type 1 and type 2 polioviruses. J Clin Virol 2015; 65:32-7.##19. Loyau J, Rousseau F. Cloning, reformatting, and small-scale expression of monoclonal antibody isolated from mouse, rat, or hamster hybridoma. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1131:207-28. ##20. Eswaran SP, Praharaj A, Chander Y, Nagendra A. Potency titration of oral polio vaccine by estimation of live virus content using tissue culture technique. Med J Armed Forces India 2003;59:105-7.##21. Nelson PN, Reynolds GM, Waldron EE, Ward E, Giannopoulos K, Murray PG. Monoclonal antibodies. Mol Pathol 2000; 53:111-7.##22. Nissim A, Chernajovsky Y. Historical development of monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Therapeutic Antibodies: Springer 2008. 3-18.##23. Pandey S. Hybridoma technology for production of monoclonal antibodies. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2008; 181:3-18.##24. Puligedda RD, Kouiavskaia D, Adekar SP, Sharma R, Kattala CD, Rezapkin G, et al. Human monoclonal antibodies that neutralize vaccine and wild-type poliovirus strains. Antiviral Res 2014; 108:36-43.##25. Reichert JM, Rosensweig CJ, Faden LB, Dewitz MC. Monoclonal antibody successes in the clinic. Nat Biotechnol 2005;23:1073-8.##26. Tomita M, Tsumoto K. Hybridoma technologies for antibody production. Immunotherapy 2011; 3:371-80.##27. Vlasak J, Ionescu R. Heterogeneity of monoclonal antibodies revealed by charge-sensitive methods. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2008; 9:468-81. ##28. Yang J, Shen MH. Polyethylene glycol-mediated cell fusion. Methods Mol Biol 2006; 325:59-66. ##29. Yu X, McGraw PA, House FS, Crowe Jr JE. An optimized electrofusion-based protocol for generating virus-specific human monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol Methods 2008; 336:142-51.##30. Zhang C. Hybridoma technology for the generation of monoclonal antibodies. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 901:117-35. ##31. Bilkisu A, Aminu M, Sani D, Abdullahi R, George S, Lutfun N, et al. Chemical composition and bioactivity of the essential oil of Cassia singueana flowers growing in Nigeria. Pharm Biome Res 2016; 5:1-6.## ##

Overconsumption of Contrast Media in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Focusing on Cost and Acute Kidney Injury 2 2 Irrational use of medicines is a major problem worldwide. Since iodixanol (Visipaque®) was categorized in Category I based on the ABC-VED analysis in our hospital, we evaluated the amount of visipaque use and estimated the incremental cost based on the Maximum Contrast Dose (MCD) following irrational use of contrast media. This retrospective study was conducted on 100 admitted patients aged 18 to 80 years old undergoing elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) who received visipaque during February 2016 to January 2017. All of the patients’ information was collected from medical records and Hospital Information System (HIS). MCD was calculated by using the formula proposed by Cigarroa and colleagues: MCD (mL) =5× body weight (kg)/ Serum Creatinine (SCr) (mg/dl). The amount of contrast media administered ranged from 200 to 600 mL (mean, 348 mL ± 80). 57 % of patients received the visipaque more than MCD. Only 25 patients were evaluated SCr after PCI and in 11 (44%) of these patients SCr increased and 3 (12%) patients developed CI-AKI. Consumption of the contrast media was 2 to 3 times more than previous studies which could be the cause of acute kidney injury besides the extra cost. In our study about six liters more of contrast agent was used which is more than standard values with a cost of approximately $2,000 for 100 patients. Therefore, in order to reduce costs and complications, appropriate clinical protocol of contrast media, more supervision on medical residents and contrast infusion pumps, as well as a periodic evaluation study are highly recommended. 20 24 2019/06/82019/06/172019/05/212019/08/18 1398/5/27 2019/08/282019/07/82019/08/182019/09/25 1398/7/3 Marziye Jafari Marziye Jafari Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Iran drmjafari1985@yahoo.com Gohar Eslami Gohar Eslami Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Iran dr.gohar.eslami@gmail.com Babak Bagheri Babak Bagheri Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Iran dr.babakbagheri@yahoo.com Shirin Asghari Vaskasi Shirin Asghari Vaskasi Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Iran Shafagh Eslami Shafagh Eslami Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Iran Contrast media Irrational use Visipaque Cost Drug utilization reviews 1. Mahatme M, Hiware S, Shinde A, Salve A, Dakhale G. Medical store management: An integrated economic analysis of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India. J Young Pharm 2012;4:114-8.##2. Lefkowitz-Ziegler P. Drug Utilization Evaluation. J Healthc Qual 1989;11:16-7.##3. Le Feuvre C, Batisse A, Collet JP, Batisse JP, Choussat R, Beygui F, et al. Cardiac events after low osmolar ionic or isosmolar nonionic contrast media utilization in the current era of coronary angioplasty. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2006;67:852-8.##4. Morcos S. Contrast-induced nephropathy: are there differences between low osmolar and iso-osmolar iodinated contrast media? Clin radiolog 2009;64:468-72. Almen T. Visipaque—A Step Forward: A Historical Review. Acta Radiologica 1995;36:2-18.##5. Almen T. Visipaque—A Step Forward: A Historical Review. Acta Radiol 1995;36:2-18.##6. Baumgart D, Haude M, George G, Ge J, Rosenbaum S, Caspari G, et al. High‐volume nonionic dimeric contrast medium: First experiences during complex coronary interventions. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv##1997;40:241-6.##7. Kumar S, Chakravarty A. ABC–VED analysis of expendable medical stores at a tertiary care hospital. Med J Armed Forces India 2015;71:24-7.##8. Cigarroa RG, Lange RA, Williams RH, Hillis D. Dosing of contrast material to prevent contrast nephropathy in patients with renal disease. Am J Med 1989;86:649-52.##9. Mehran R, Aymong E, Nikolsky E, Lasic Z, Iakovou I, Fahy M, et al. A simple risk score for prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:1393-9.##10. Barbieri L, Verdoia M, Marino P, Suryapranata H, De Luca G. Contrast volume to creatinine clearance ratio for the prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography or percutaneous intervention. Eur J Prev cardiol 2016;23:931-7.##11. Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of Creatinine Clearance from Serum Creatinine. Nephron 1976;16:31-41.##12. Vallero A, Cesano G, Pozzato M, Garbo R, Minelli M, Quarello F, et al. Contrast nephropathy in cardiac procedures: no advantages with prophylactic use of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Giornale italiano di nefrologia: organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di nefrologia 2002;19:529-33.##13. Mautone A, Brown JR. Contrast‐induced nephropathy in patients undergoing elective and urgent procedures. J Interv cardiol 2010;23:78-85.##14. Marenzi G, Assanelli E, Campodonico J, Lauri G, Marana I, De Metrio M, et al. Contrast volume during primary percutaneous coronary intervention and subsequent contrast-induced nephropathy and mortality. Ann Intern Med 2009;150:170-7.##15. Hossain MA, Costanzo E, Cosentino J, Patel C, Qaisar H, Singh V, et al. Contrast-induced nephropathy: Pathophysiology, risk factors, and prevention. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2018;29:1-9.##16. Kooiman J, Seth M, Share D, Dixon S, Gurm HS. The association between contrast dose and renal complications post PCI across the continuum of procedural estimated risk. PLoS One 2014;9:e90233.##17. Moscucci M, Share D, Smith D, O'Donnell MJ, Riba A, McNamara R, et al. Relationship between operator volume and adverse outcome in contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention practice: an analysis of a quality-controlled multicenter percutaneous coronary intervention clinical database. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:625-32.##18. Rihal CS, Textor SC, Grill DE, Berger PB, Ting HH, Best PJ, et al. Incidence and prognostic importance of acute renal failure after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 2002;105:2259-64.##19. Freeman RV, O’Donnell M, Share D, Meengs WL, Kline-Rogers E, Clark VL, et al. Nephropathy requiring dialysis after percutaneous coronary intervention and the critical role of an adjusted contrast dose. Am J Cardiol 2002;90:1068-73.##20. Laskey WK, Jenkins C, Selzer F, Marroquin OC, Wilensky RL, Glaser R, et al. Volume-to-creatinine clearance ratio: a pharmacokinetically based risk factor for prediction of early creatinine increase after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:584-90.## ##

The Effect of Topical Application of 0.1% Betamethasone Ointment on the Peritoneal Adhesion and Inflammation Following Laparotomy: A Histopathological Animal Experiment 2 2 Adhesion band is one of the most important challenges after the operation. Regarding to the use of corticosteroid medications in inflammatory conditions, no studies have been conducted on the topical application, even though limited success have been reported with the systemic therapy. Since the systemic therapy of corticosteroids has its own limitation, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of using topical betamethasone on the prevention of peritoneal adhesion in an animal model. A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into two groups (control and betamethasone) and underwent laparotomy. Then, the adhesion was induced with the abrasion of dry gauze on the small intestine in both groups. In the betamethasone group, 0.1% betamethasone ointment was applied on the site of abrasion. After the 14 days, the animals were sacrificed, laparotomy was then performed with a U-shaped incision, and the number and location of the adhesions were reported. Histological parameters such as inflammatory reactions and collagen precipitations were evaluated, and neovascularization, abnormal mucosal proliferation, foreign body granulation, fibroblastic maturation were also observed. The results showed that the mean number of adhesions in the betamethasone and control groups were 1.08 and 1.17, respectively. Though betamethasone reduced the number of adhesions, the decrease was not statistically significant. Likewise, the results of histopathological evaluations showed no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). Our study demonstrated that the local application of betamethasone ointment in a single dose after laparotomy could not be effective in preventing peritoneal adhesion and inflammatory processes. Further investigations with larger sample sizes treated with higher doses of corticosteroids are required to find better the effects of topical betamethasone ointment on the peritoneal adhesion and inflammation following laparotomy.  25 28 2019/06/82019/06/172019/05/212019/08/182019/08/3 1398/5/12 2019/08/282019/07/82019/08/182019/09/252019/09/25 1398/7/3 Seyed Abdollah Mousavi Seyed Abdollah Mousavi Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran Iran dr.a.mosavi@gmail.com Seyed Jaber Mousavi Seyed Jaber Mousavi Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Iran j_mousavi@mazums.ac.ir Maryam Ghasemi Maryam Ghasemi Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Iran a.zghasemi@yahoo.com Hooshang Akbari Hooshang Akbari Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Iran Hooshangakbari48@yahoo.com Ali Haqqani Ali Haqqani Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Iran alihaqqani1983@gmail.com Corticosteroid Betamethasone Laparotomy Inflammatory 1. Parker MC. Epidemiology of adhesions: the burden. Hosp Med 2004; 65:330-6.##2. Boland GM, Weigel RJ. Formation and prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesions. J Surg Res 2006; 132:3-12##3. Corona R, Verguts J, Schonman R, Binda MM, Mailova K, Koninckx PR. Postoperative inflammation in the abdominal cavity increases adhesion formation in a laparoscopic mouse model. Fertil steril 2011; 95:1224-8.##4. diZerega GS. Biochemical events in peritoneal tissue repair. Eur J Surg Suppl 1997; 577:10-6.##5. diZerega GS, Campeau JD. Peritoneal repair and post-surgical adhesion formation. Hum Reprod Update 2001; 7:547-55.##6. Diamond MP, Freeman ML. Clinical implications of postsurgical adhesions. Hum Reprod Update 2001; 7:567-76.##7. Arung W, Meurisse M, Detry O. Pathophysiology and prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:4545-53.##8. Risberg B. Adhesions: preventive strategies. Eur J Surg Suppl 1997; 577:32-9.##9. Liakakos T, Thomakos N, Fine PM, Dervenis C, Young RL. Peritoneal adhesions: etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical significance. Recent advances in prevention and management. Dig Surg 2001; 18:260-73.##10. Kucukozkan T, Ersoy B, Uygur D, Gundogdu C. Prevention of adhesions by sodium chromoglycate, dexamethasone, saline and aprotinin after pelvic surgery. ANZ J Surg 2004; 74:1111-5.##11. Gong JF, Zhu WM, Yu WK, Li N, Li JS. Conservative treatment of early postoperative small bowel obstruction with obliterative peritonitis. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:8722-30.##12. Sanfilippo JS, Cox JG, Nealon NA, Barrows GH. Comparison of corticosteroid therapy in the prevention of pelvic tissue reaction and adhesion formation. Int J Fertil 1986; 30:57-61.##13. Kurukahvecioglu O, Koksal H, Gulbahar O, Erdem O, Engin D, Yazicioglu O, et al. Infliximab "TNF-alpha antagonist" decreases intraabdominal adhesions. Saudi Med J 2007; 28:1830-5.##14. Nair SK, Bhat IK, Aurora AL. Role of proteolytic enzyme in the prevention of postoperative intraperitoneal adhesions. Arch Surg 1974; 108:849-53.##15. Quesada G, Diago V, Redondo L, Rodriguez-Toves L, Vaquero C. Histologic effects of different suture materials in microsurgical anastomosis of the rat uterine horn. J Reprod Med 1995; 40:579-84.##16. Sahin M, Cakir M, Avsar FM, Tekin A, Kucukkartallar T, Akoz M. The effects of anti-adhesion materials in preventing postoperative adhesion in abdominal cavity (anti-adhesion materials for postoperative adhesions). Inflammation 2007; 30:244-9.## ##

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Aloe vera Leaf Mucilage in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats 2 2 The present study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of Aloe vera mucilage in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Adult male Wistar rats were assigned into 4 groups (6 rats/group), as follows: the first group (C) served as the controls. The second group of rats (AL) received a single subcutaneous dose of alloxan at 120 mg kg-1bw. These groups received 1 mL of NaCl 9%. The third group (AL+Av) represented diabetic rats treated with 1 mL of mucilage extracted from Aloe vera leaves. The fourth group (C+Av) corresponded to control rats administered with 1 mL of Aloe vera mucilage. NaCl or Aloe vera mucilage were intraparenterally injected to the rats. Diabetic rats exhibited significant hyperglycemia accompanied by glycosuria. We also observed a significant reduction in the liver weight and glycogen content of the specimen. A reduced level of serum insulin was also observed among diabetic rats. However, the levels of serum triglycerides and total cholesterol increased in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Aloe vera mucilage administration to diabetic rats partially and totally corrected glycaemia and liver glycogen content and serum insulin level, respectively. The rats’ lipid status has also been improved. Medicinal plants, including Aloe vera, are expected to correct hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic patients to prevent the adverse effects of synthetic drugs. 29 34 2019/06/82019/06/172019/05/212019/08/182019/08/32019/09/2 1398/6/11 2019/08/282019/07/82019/08/182019/09/252019/09/252019/10/5 1398/7/13 Mediha Sefi Mediha Sefi Department of Life Sciences, Animal Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Fundamental Sciences, Sfax, Tunisia Tunisia essafimediha@gmail.com Mariem Chaâbane Mariem Chaâbane Department of Life Sciences, Animal Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Fundamental Sciences, Sfax, Tunisia Tunisia maryame.ch@yahoo.com Moez Refrafi Moez Refrafi Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Laboratory of Natural Substances, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Fundamental Sciences, Sfax, Tunisia Tunisia rafrafi_moez@yahoo.fr Najiba Zeghal Najiba Zeghal Department of Life Sciences, Animal Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Fundamental Sciences, Sfax, Tunisia Tunisia naj¬_zgh@yahoo.fr Aloe vera Diabetes Mellitus Rats Liver Insulin secretion 1. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Augustin LS, Martini MC, Axelsen M, Faukner D, et al. Effect of wheat bran on glycemic control, and risk factor for cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002; 25:1522-28.##2. Hiremath MB, Jali MV. Diabetes. Indian J Sci Technol 2010;3:1106-8.##3. Matthaei S, Stumvoll M, Kellerer M, Häring HU. Pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of insulin resistance. Endocr Rev 2000; 21:585-618.##4. Ryan EA, Pick ME, Marceau C. Use of alternative medicines in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic Med 2001; 18:242-5.##5. Shinwari S, Ahmad M, Luo Y, Zaman X. Quantitative analyses of medicinal plants consumption among the inhabitants of Shanglo-Kohistan areas in Northen-Pakistan. Pak J Bot 2017; 49:725-34.##6. Zeb S, Ali A, Zaman W, Zeb S, Ali S, Ullah F, et al. Pharmacology, Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the genus Artemisia specifically from Pakistan: a comprehensive review. Pharmaceut Biomed Res 2018; 4:1-12.##7. Newman DJ, Cragg GM, Snader KM. The influence of natural products upon drug discovery. Nat Prod Rep 2000; 17:175-285.##8. Ullah F, Shah SN, Zaman W, Ali C, Gul S, Saqib S, et al. Traditional knowledge of medicinal herbs among indigenous communities in Maidan Valley, Lower Dir, Pakistan. Bull Env Pharmacol Life Sci 2018; 7:1-23.##9. Zaman W, Shah SN, Ullah F, Ayaz A, Ahmad M, Ali A. Systematic approach to the correct identification of Asplenium dalhousiae (Aspleniaceae) with their medicinal uses. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:459-65.##10. World Health Organization (WHO), Traditional Medicine. Geneva, 2003. Available from: http:// www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/2003/fs134/en/(accessed 04.08.12).##11. David M, Ain Qu, Ahmad M, Zaman W, Jahan S. A biochemical and histological approach to study antifertility effects of methanol leaf extract of Asplenium dalhousiae Hook. in adult male rats. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13262. ##12. Saqib S, Zaman W, Ullah F, Majeed I, Ayaz A, Hussain Munis MF. Organometallic assembling of chitosan‐Iron oxide nanoparticles with their antifungal evaluation against Rhizopus oryzae. Appl Organometal Chem 2019; 33:e5190. ##13. Zaman W, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Amina H, Lubna F, Ullah S, et al. The quest for some novel antifertility herbals used as male contraceptives in district Shangla, Pakistan. Acta Ecologica Sinica 2019 b:1-11. ##14. Surjushe A, Vasani R, Saple DG. Aloe vera: A short review. Indian J Dermatol 2008; 53:163-6.##15. Sanghi SB. Aloe vera: a medicinal herb. IJRG 2015; 3:32-4.##16. Hamman JH. Composition and applications of Aloe vera leaf gel. Molecules 2008; 13:1599-616.##17. Krokida M, Pappa A, Agalioti M. Effect of drying on Aloe's functional components. Procedia Food Sci 2011; 1:1523-7.##18. Council of European Communities, Council Instructions about the Protection of Living Animals Used in scientific Investigations. Official J Europ Communit (JO 86/609/CEE) 1986;L358:1-18.##19. Geissbuhler F. Diluted lactic acid reagent for measurement of glucose by the o-toluidine method. Clin Chem Acta 1974; 51:221-3.##20. Sefi M, Fetoui H, Soudani N, Chtourou Y, Makni M, Zeghal N. Artemisia campestris leaf extract alleviates early diabetic nephropathy in rats by inhibiting protein oxidation and nitric oxide end products. Pathol Res Pract 2012; 208:157-62.##21. Verma L, Singour PK, Chaurasiya PK, Rajak H, Pawar RS, Patil UK. Effect of ethanolic extract of Cassia occidentalis Linn. for the management of alloxan induced diabetic rats. Pharmacognosy Res 2010; 2:132-7.##22. Leite ACR, Araujo TG, Carvalho BM, Silva NH, Lima VLM, Maia MBS. Parkinsonia aculeata aqueous extract fraction: Biochemical studies in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 111:547-52.##23. Yagi A, Hegazy S, Kabbash A, Abd-El Wahad E. Possible hypoglycemic effect of Aloe vera L. high molecular weight fractions on type 2 diabetic patients. Saudi Pharm J 2009; 17:209-15.##24. Beppu H, Shimpo K, Chihara T, Kaneko T, Tamai I, Yamagi S, et al. Antidiabetic effects of dietary administration of Aloe arborescens Miller components on multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice: investigation on hypoglycemic action and systemic absorption dynamics of aloe components. J Ethnopharmacol 2006; 103:468-77.##25. Okyar A, Can A, Akev N, Baktir G, Sütlüpinar N. Effect of Aloe vera leaves on blood glucose level in type I and type II diabetic rat models. Phytother Res 2001; 15:157-61.##26. Rajasekaran S, Sivagnanam K, Ravi K, Subramanian S. Hypoglycemic Effect of Aloe vera Gel on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Experimental Rats. J Med Food 2004; 7:61-6.##27. Sefi M, Fetoui H, Lachkar N, Tahraoui A, Lyoussi B, Boudawara T, et al. Centaurium erythrea (Gentianaceae) leaf extract alleviates streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and ß-cell damage in rat pancreas. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 135:243-50.##28. Shen GX. Lipid disorders in diabetes mellitus and current management. Curr Pharm Anal 2007; 3:17-24.##29. Pandit K, Mukhopadhyay P. Insulin therapy-role beyond glucose control. J Indian Med Assoc 2004; 102:572-4.##30. Wang Q, Ellis PR, Ross-Murphy SM, Burchard W. Solution characteristics of the xylogly can extracted from Detariums enegalense Gmelin. Carbohydr Polym 1995; 31:115-24.##31. Onyechi UA, Ellis UA, Judd P, Ann P. A new polysaccharide, Datarium microcarpium from traditional Nigerian plant food: its physiological effects on rats. ARI 2007; 4:601-7.##32. Quanhong L, Caili F, Yukui R, Guanghui H, Tongyi C. Effects of protein-bound polysaccharide isolated from pumpkin on insulin in diabetic rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2005; 60:13-6.## ##

Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Anticoagulation Properties of Aegiceras corniculatum and Acanthus ilicifolius 2 2 Free radical production from different biological and environmental sources is due to an imbalance of natural antioxidants, which further leads to inflammation. Antioxidant metabolites are often characterized by anti-inflammatory and anticoagulation activity. Mangrove plants synthesize different classes of metabolites, including antioxidants, to minimize the devastating effect of oxidation resulting from the elevated salinity, UV, and other unique geochemical components. Accordingly, this study aimed at investigating the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulation properties, as well as polyphenol content of the two selected mangrove plant species: Aegiceras corniculatum and Acanthus ilicifolius. We used the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, reducing power, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assay (BCB), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid  content (TFC) and total tannin content (TTC) to determine antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of A. corniculatum bark and leaves and A. ilicifolius leaves. Furthermore, human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization assay, lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition assay, and prothrombin time (PT) test were performed for determining anti-inflammatory activity of the samples. A. corniculatum bark is a potent antioxidant (IC50 20.49 ± 2.14 µg/mL in DPPH assay) with anti-inflammatory (IC50 23.58 ± 1.75 µg/mL in LOX inhibition assay) and anticoagulation activity (18.19 ± 0.13 min in prothrombin time assay) compared to other extracts. All extracts were found with significant (P<0.001) antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulation properties. Further studies on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulation are recommended. 35 44 2019/06/82019/06/172019/05/212019/08/182019/08/32019/09/22019/07/28 1398/5/6 2019/08/282019/07/82019/08/182019/09/252019/09/252019/10/52019/09/4 1398/6/13 Rana Biswas Rana Biswas Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh Bangladesh tusharkb07@outlook.com S. M. Mahbubur Rahman S. M. Mahbubur Rahman Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh Bangladesh Kazi Mohammed Didarul Islam Kazi Mohammed Didarul Islam Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh Bangladesh Md. Morsaline Billah Md. Morsaline Billah Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh United Kingdom Afiya Aunjum Afiya Aunjum Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh Bangladesh Tauhidur Rahman Nurunnabi Tauhidur Rahman Nurunnabi Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh Bangladesh Sujan Kumar Kundu Sujan Kumar Kundu Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh Bangladesh Md. Emdadul Islam Md. Emdadul Islam Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh Bangladesh Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory Anticoagulation Mangrove Sundarbans 1. Valko M, Rhodes CJ, Moncol J, Izakovic M, Mazur M. Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2006; 160:1-40.##2. Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MT, Mazur M, Telser J. 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Diplopia; an Adverse Effect of Citalopram 2 2 Citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1998 as a safe and well-tolerated antidepressant; the use of it may result in rare and sometimes dangerous side effects. Diplopia is a rare adverse effect of citalopram that comes with double vision and disrupts daily living. Currently, only two cases of citalopram-related diplopia have been internationally reported. The current paper presents a third reported case of diplopia following citalopram use in a healthy subject. A 47-year-old man involved in an accident was subsequently affected by serious depression. Following 6 months of a 40-mg daily dose of citalopram, the patient complained of itchy irritated eyes and double vision symptomatic of diplopia. He was referred to an eye specialist, who confirmed no apparent problems following an examination of the eye. After a decrease in the dose of citalopram, the eye symptoms steadily decreased and eventually disappeared. The rapid disappearance of diplopia subsequent to the discontinuing use of citalopram suggests an association between the adverse reaction and the medicine. As a result, it is recommended that physicians inform patients of the possibility of induction of diplopia related to the use of citalopram and other SSRIs. In the future, the prescription of SSRIs at higher doses may be ordered with and on the recommendation of patients, who have been aware of the risks of the drug. 45 46 2019/06/82019/06/172019/05/212019/08/182019/08/32019/09/22019/07/282019/05/20 1398/2/30 2019/08/282019/07/82019/08/182019/09/252019/09/252019/10/52019/09/42019/09/4 1398/6/13 Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Iran Hosseinish30@gmail.com Amirhossein Ahmadi Amirhossein Ahmadi Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Iran Amirhossein_pharma@yahoo.com Diplopia Double vision Adverse effect Citalopram 1. Rhee D, Pyfer M. The Wills Eye Manual. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 1999:2–3.##2. Keller MB, Citalopram therapy for depression: a review of 10 years of European experience and data from U.S. clinical trials. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61:896-908.##3. Wang SM, Han C, Bahk WM, Lee SJ, Patkar AA, Masand PS, et al. Addressing the side effects of contemporary antidepressant drugs: a comprehensive review. Chonnam Med J 2018; 54:101-12.##4. Dorell K, Cohen MA, Huprikar SS, Gorman JM, Jones M. Citalopram-induced diplopia. Psychosomatics 2005; 46:91-3.##5. Review: Will Celexa cause Double vision?. (eHealthMe, Jan2019).##6. Mowla A, Ghanizadeh A, Ashkani H. Diplopia with citalopram: a case report. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2005; 25:623-4.##7. Riedel RR, Schmitt A, Hartmann A: Ocular pseudo-myasthenic reaction induced by interferon in an AIDS patient.‎ Klin Wochenschr 1999; 69:930–931‎##8. Sener EC, Kiratli H. Presumed sertraline maculopathy. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2001; 79:428-30.##9. Laurence Brunton, Bruce Chabner, Bjorn Knollman. Goodman and Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 12th ed. NewYork: McGraham-Hill Companies; 2011. p.583-607.##10. Selvi Y, Atli A, Aydin A, Yener HI. Aripiprazole-related acute transient myopia and diplopia: a case report. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2011; 31:249-50.##11. Atli A, Yildiz A, Kaya MC. Aripiprozole-induced diplopia: a case report. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2013; 23:353-6.‎##12. Chew ML, Mulsant BH, Pollock BG, Lehman ME, Greenspan A, Kirshner MA, et al. A model of anticholinergic activity of atypical ‎antipsychotic medications. Schizophr Res 2006; 88:63-72.## ##