@article{ 
author = {ZiaeiAmiri, Fereshteh and Ebrahimzadeh, Mohammad Ali},  
title = {Investigating Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology: Opportunities and Challenges}, 
abstract ={With the progress of various sciences, the attention to the nano approach has increased in all fields. Traditional drug delivery methods, despite their use, cannot deliver the drug to the target tissue in a targeted manner. For this reason, the use of a larger amount of the drug causes more side effects [1]. The approach of nanotechnology in targeted drug delivery has received a lot of attention recently and the production of drugs based on nanotechnology worldwide shows its importance [2].},  
Keywords = {Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, nanopharmaceutical},
volume = {10},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {275-278}, 
publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/PBR.10.4.369.3},
url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-655-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-655-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research},  
issn = {2423-4486}, 
eissn = {2423-4494}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sami, Hesham and Jain, Ashish and Singhai, Akhlesh Kumar},  
title = {A Review Study on Reverse Iontophoresis and Its Applications}, 
abstract ={When treating patients with an arterio-venous fistula, reverse iontophoresis (RI) was applied to the nondominant arm, or the arm free of the fistula. For the individuals receiving hemodialysis, sampling was done during dialysis. Before beginning the study, peritoneal dialysis patients were completely drained. MIC2® Iontophoresis Controller (Wilmington, DE, USA: Moon Instruments Inc. Early in the 1970s, therapeutic drug monitoring was implemented with the goals of reducing systemic toxicity, enhancing patient safety, and customizing the dosing regimen. Medications with a narrow therapeutic index, undesirable effects related to concentration, and pharmacokinetic changes are regarded as potential candidates for therapeutic drug monitoring. By using a low-level electrical current to induce electroosmotic flow, sometimes known as RI, glucose can be retrieved through undamaged skin. Continuous blood glucose monitoring becomes feasible and simple with the use of this RI-based extraction approach, which also removes the discomfort and inconvenience that typical fingerstick blood tests cause diabetic patients. The watch uses a flexible electrochemical sensor patch coated in Nafion that is fastened to the watchband to trans-dermally collect interstitial fluid at the wrist. The epidemics of diabetes and obesity are just two of the many causes contributing to the rising global burden of chronic kidney disease, which is also partially attributable to better screening. Premature newborns are a vulnerable group of patients that require close and ongoing monitoring. They are frequently treated with various medications and intense clinical care. Non-invasive techniques are widely appreciated for early skin cancer diagnosis. Monitoring pertinent biomarkers on the skin’s surface, such as tryptophan (Trp) and kynurenine (Kyn), is one strategy that might be used. Therefore, the principal goal of this in vitro study is to determine whether RI could improve the extraction of Trp and Kyn. This review demonstrates what RI is along with the use of RI in the diagnosis and surveillance of many diseases, including diabetes, chronic kidney disease, lithium monitoring, newborn monitoring, and transdermal biomarker extraction. },  
Keywords = {Reverse iontophoresis (RI), GlucoWatch biographer, Chronic kidney disease, Lithium monitoring, Neonates monitoring},
volume = {10},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {279-290}, 
publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/PBR.10.4.1324.1},
url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-636-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-636-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research},  
issn = {2423-4486}, 
eissn = {2423-4494}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {RamaRao, Tadikonda and Anand, Adity},  
title = {Investigating Nutraceuticals: Recent Developments and Future Growth}, 
abstract ={Background: Nutraceuticals are known as pharmaceutically formulated goods with both nutritional and therapeutic benefits. Such a product is intended to boost physical well-being, combat daily struggles such as stress, lengthen life, and so on. Due to their increased popularity, attention is being placed on herbs used as food and medicinal. Nutraceuticals have become more popular than medications and health supplements among both patients and healthcare professionals as a result of dynamic activity. Because of their alleged safety, nutritional supplements have attracted a lot of attention. Nutraceuticals are foods or dietary ingredients that offer health benefits, such as the capacity to cure or prevent disease. These nutraceuticals help combat some of the most significant health concerns of the 21st century, such as obesity, diabetes, oligoarthritis, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and elevated cholesterol. Objectives: This review study provides a brief introduction on nutraceutical products and their uses in our daily life. Methods: The required literature for the framing of the article was collected from various online sources, research papers, and also various journals. Results: Because they eliminate side effects and contain natural dietary supplements, etc. nutraceuticals offer an edge over pharmaceuticals. Nutraceuticals are categorized into three main groups based on their natural source, chemical makeup, and form: Nutrients, herbal remedies, dietary supplements, and so on. Dietary supplements and natural/herbal goods were the industry categories that grew the fastest.  Conclusion: The present review article focused on providing recent developments in market value and the future of nutraceuticals.},  
Keywords = {Nutraceuticals, Supplements, Osteoporosis, Oligoarthritis, Epicholesterol, Herbals},
volume = {10},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {291-302}, 
publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/PBR.10.4.1303.1},
url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-623-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-623-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research},  
issn = {2423-4486}, 
eissn = {2423-4494}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shaik, Bajee and Swain, Biswajit and GuptaMaddi, Eswar and Maddi, Srinivas},  
title = {Novel RP-UFLC Methodology for Concurrent Assessment of Curcumin, Resveratrol, Silybin, and Mangiferin From Topical Hydrogels}, 
abstract ={Background: In topical preparations, four herbal compounds, namely mangiferin (MF), resveratrol (RV), silybin (SB), and curcumin (CR) need to be quantified quickly and accurately. Objective: This study utilizes a Franz diffusion cell setup to evaluate the suitability of reversed-phase ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC) for assessing MF, RV, SB, and CR in a mouse skin. Methods: A C-18 column (250×4.6 mm, 5 µm) was used at 40 °C for chromatographic separation. The mobile phase, a gradient of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade water was pumped at a rate of 1 mL per min. A 20 µL sample was loaded, and analytes were accessed using a photodiode array  (PDA) detector. The method validation included selectivity, linearity (2-20 µg/mL), accuracy, precision, robustness, and sensitivity. The method’s run time was 20 min. Results: The UFLC method was selective for the given compounds, and over the concentration range of 2–20 µg/mL, the method’s linearity was demonstrated with a correlation coefficient >0.99. Additionally, it was accurate, precise, robust, and sensitive, with a total run time of 20 min. Conclusion: The validated reversed-phase UFLC method meets the highlighted need for accurate and quick measurement of MF, RV, SB, and CR in topical formulations. Its effective validation and application in researching drug features using a Franz diffusion cell apparatus make it an important analytical tool in pharmaceutical research, ensuring precise drug content, homogeneity, and release properties in topical formulations.},  
Keywords = {Drug release, Psoriasis, Liquid chromatograph, Hydrogels, Herbals},
volume = {10},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {303-318}, 
publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/PBR.10.4.1280.1},
url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-603-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-603-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research},  
issn = {2423-4486}, 
eissn = {2423-4494}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Awatef, Elwej and Chaabane, Mariem and Ghorbel, Imen and Jebahi, Samira and Marrekchi, Rim and Boudawara, Tahia and Zeghal, Najib},  
title = {Effects of Barium Chloride on Metallothioneins Induction and Biochemical and Histomorphological Changes in the Kidney of Adult Female Rats}, 
abstract ={Background: Heavy metal exposure usually causes harmful effects on the environment and human health.  Objectives: This study investigates the toxic effects of barium chloride (BaCl2) administered at graded doses to adult rats on kidney oxidative stress biomarkers and histological changes.  Methods: Animals were divided into four groups with six animals in each group. The control group did not receive any treatment, while groups 2, 3, and 4 were exposed to barium at doses of 67, 150, and 300 parts per million for 3 weeks. After recording 24 h urine volumes, samples were collected and stored at -20 ˚C for further analysis. At the end of the experimental period, plasma and kidney tissue were collected for biochemical and histological analysis.  Results: The treatment of barium can induce nephrotoxicity as evidenced by a significant increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP). A significant increase in kidney levels of total metallothioneins (MTs) was also observed. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, reduced glutathione, non-protein thiol, and vitamin C levels showed a significant decline. Plasma creatinine and urea levels showed a significant increase associated with a decrease in uric acid levels. Meanwhile, nephron-biochemical parameters were substantiated by histological examination, revealing disorganized kidney architecture.  Conclusion: The results highlight significant health concerns regarding environmental barium exposure. },  
Keywords = {Antioxidant, Barium chloride (BaCl2), Metallothionein (MT), Nephrotoxicity, Rats},
volume = {10},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {319-330}, 
publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/PBR.10.4.1285.1},
url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-604-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-604-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research},  
issn = {2423-4486}, 
eissn = {2423-4494}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Islam, Md Monirul and Mahmud, Iqbal and Rahaman, Md Habibur and Asaduzzaman, S. M.},  
title = {Investigating Computational Insights Into Plant-derived Terpenoids of Bangladesh: Prospects for Anti-rheumatoid Arthritis Medication}, 
abstract ={Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by autoimmunity, joint inflammation, and cartilage degradation. Numerous substances from plant sources, including terpenoids could treat RA.  Objectives: This study explores the potential of terpenoids from Bangladeshi plants as anti-RA medications by in silico studies.  Methods: Compounds were tested for favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics and binding affinities with the target proteins. Bauchampine A, betulinic acid, curcumol, geniposide, glycyrrhetinic acid, and paeoniflorin were selected for in-silico studies. Several protein targets were selected based on their role in the RA pathogenesis, including peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A, caspase 8 (CASP8), Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), interleukin 6, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20, tumor necrosis factor α, and stromal cell-derived factor 1. The compounds’ pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiling were performed with the help of the online server. Both the compounds and receptors were prepared for further analysis using computational tools. Finally, molecular docking was performed with the help of AutoDock tools. The binding information was displayed in both numerical and pictorial ways.  Results: The selected compounds showed satisfactory values in terms of pharmacokinetic and toxicity parameters. The molecular docking analysis revealed a significant binding affinity with the target proteins. The highest binding affinity was found for bauchampine A with BTK (-7.2 Kcal/mol), betulinic acid with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (-8.8 Kcal/mol), curcumol with, tumor necrosis factor α (-8.8 Kcal/mol), geniposide with, tumor necrosis factor α (-8.7 Kcal/mol), glycyrrhetinic acid with BTK (-9.4 Kcal/mol), and papeoniflorin with BTK (-8.7 Kcal/mol).  Conclusion: Natural remedy for RA is preferred as it has minimal side effects. Accordingly, plant-derived terpenoids can be effective leads for developing RA medications. },  
Keywords = {Bangladesh, Molecular docking, Rheumatoid arthritis (RAs), Terpenes},
volume = {10},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {331-344}, 
publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/PBR.10.4.1294.1},
url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-633-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-633-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research},  
issn = {2423-4486}, 
eissn = {2423-4494}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Begum, Khadiza and Ripon, Md Abdur Rahman and Akter, Tabassum and Islam, Md Monirul and Begum, Rahima and Hossain, Mohammad Salim},  
title = {Investigating the Effects of Olanzapine in Changes in Metabolic Syndrome in High-fat diet-induced Obese Mice}, 
abstract ={Background: Nowadays, metabolic syndromes represent one of the major public health challenges worldwide and are twice as prevalent in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. This could be due to antipsychotic consumption, especially atypical ones, such as olanzapine (OLA), a second-generation antipsychotic used in the management of schizophrenia.  Objectives: This study explores the potential of chronic OLA exposure to modulate inflammatory pathways in a context of metabolic dysfunction using high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice (female).  Methods: A total of 1 mg/kg of OLA and HFD were given for 6 weeks to an obese mice group as treatment. Then, body weight, abdominal fat weight, lipid profiles (serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]), and liver functions (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) were assessed against the HFD control group. The relative gene expression of PPAR-ɣ, MCP-1, and GLUT4 were also compared. Results: This treatment of OLA (1 mg/kg) induced a significant decrease in TG, SGOT, and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels, and a non-significant decrease in body weight, abdominal fat mass, TC, HDL-C, ALP level and the expression of MCP-1 and PPAR-γ; however, GLUT4 was significantly increased. Conclusion: After chronic OLA exposure, the results indicate that the declination of body and organ weight, lipid levels, liver function markers, and MCP-1 and PPAR-ɣ expression except for GLUT4 shows its effects in changing the metabolic disturbances in obese mice.},  
Keywords = {High-fat diet (HFD), Metabolic syndrome, Obesity, Olanzapine (OLA), Gene expression},
volume = {10},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {345-354}, 
publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/PBR.10.4.1298.2},
url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-629-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-629-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research},  
issn = {2423-4486}, 
eissn = {2423-4494}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Darbandi, Niloufar and Sadeghi, Ahmad and Nazari-Serenjeh, Farzaneh and Ghasemzadeh, Zahr},  
title = {Interaction of Dorsal Hippocampal Nicotinic Receptors and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Memory Consolidation}, 
abstract ={Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in industry, medicine, and agriculture. Previous studies have shown that exposure to ZnO NPs can induce changes in learning and memory. Nicotinic receptors in the dorsal hippocampus are involved in drug-induced effects on memory formation.  Objectives: The present study investigates the possible role of dorsal hippocampal nicotinic receptors in the effects of ZnO NPs on memory consolidation.  Methods: Animals were bilaterally cannulated in the CA1 regions of the hippocampus. Saline, nicotine, and mecamylamine (a non-selective antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors) were administered immediately after training (intracerebral), and intraperitoneal injections of saline or ZnO NPs were given at 5-min intervals. Memory and motor activity were assessed using the passive avoidance test and the open field test, respectively.  Results: Post-training intra-CA1 microinjection of nicotine improved the amnesia induced by ZnO NPs. Mecamylamine potentiated the effects of an ineffective dose of ZnO NPs on memory consolidation. Conclusion: ZnO NPs impair memory through interactions with nicotinic receptors in the dorsal hippocampus.},  
Keywords = {Dorsal hippocampus, Memory, Mecamylamine, Nicotine, Rat, Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs)},
volume = {10},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {355-366}, 
publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/PBR.10.4.1307.1},
url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-627-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-627-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research},  
issn = {2423-4486}, 
eissn = {2423-4494}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Asadi, Amir and Salehi, Mahdi and Hosseini, Seyed Hamzeh},  
title = {Investigating Clozapine-induced Sialorrhea Improvement in Highland Climate Area: A Case Study}, 
abstract ={Background: This case report describes the elimination of clozapine-induced sialorrhea through a change in residence, highlighting how environmental factors can influence medication side effects.  Case Report: The subject was a 39-year-old woman diagnosed with schizophrenia, who had been experiencing significant sialorrhea as a side effect of clozapine treatment. After relocating to a highland climate, the patient’s excessive salivation was significantly resolved. Importantly, this change occurred without the need for any adjunctive medications, such as atropine, which are commonly prescribed to manage this side effect. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of considering environmental factors when evaluating drug effects in patients. It serves as a reminder to healthcare providers to be aware of how changes in a patient’s residence may impact the pharmacodynamics of medications, such as clozapine. Understanding these dynamics can lead to more personalized treatment approaches and improved patient outcomes, emphasizing the need for further investigation into the relationship between climate and medication side effects.},  
Keywords = {Sialorrhea, Schizophrenia, Clozapine, Climate},
volume = {10},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {367-370}, 
publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.32598/PBR.10.4.1312.1},
url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-628-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-628-en.pdf},  
journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research},  
issn = {2423-4486}, 
eissn = {2423-4494}, 
year = {2024}  
}