en بیوتکنولوژی Biotechnology پژوهشي Original Research <p>It is an increased interest in the therapeutic potential of <em>Cannabis sativa</em> L. (marijuana) for treatment of multiple sclerosis and HIV neuropathy. Because of limitation in cultivation of this plant, an efficient hairy root induction system for <em>Cannabis sativa</em> L. was developed in the present study. <em>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</em> mediated transformation performed by two different co-cultivation mediums and four different bacterial strains including A4, ATCC15834, MSU440, and A13 (MAFF-02-10266). Genomic DNA from putative transgenic hairy root lines and the control root was extracted using a modified CTAB protocol. Molecular analysis of transformed root lines was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers of the <em>rolB</em> gene. The transformation frequency by Murashige and Skoog co-cultivation medium resulting in hairy root induction frequencies of 42.3%, 46.3%, 68.6% and 39.3% by A4, ATCC15834, MSU440, and A13 strains, respectively. There was no significant difference between MS or &frac12; MS co-cultivation mediums. &nbsp;This study established a reliable protocol for induction of hairy roots of <em>C. sativa</em>. The best <em>A. rhisogenes</em> strain was MSU440. It was observed no significant difference between MS and &frac12; MS co-cultivation mediums on transformation frequency.</p> Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Cannabis sativa L., genetically transformed roots 13 18 http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-72-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Farnoush Berahmand 10031947532846001168 10031947532846001168 No Student Researches Committee, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Negin Beizaee 10031947532846001169 10031947532846001169 No Student Researches Committee, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Maryam Dehghan Nayyeri 10031947532846001170 10031947532846001170 No Student Researches Committee, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Ali Sharafi 10031947532846001171 10031947532846001171 Yes Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Hamidreza Kheiri Manjili 10031947532846001172 10031947532846001172 No Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Hossein Danafar 10031947532846001173 10031947532846001173 No Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Haleh Hashemi Sohi 10031947532846001174 10031947532846001174 No National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran