Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research
2423-4486
2423-4494
2
2
2016
6
1
A brief review of plagiarism in medical scientific research papers [RETRACTED]
1
8
EN
Mohammad
Karami
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Y
Gholam Hassan
Danaei
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
N
10.18869/acadpub.pbr.2.2.1
[THIS ARTICLE IS RETRACTED]
Plagiarism refers to “adopting someone else’s words, work or ideas and passing them off as one’s own”. It is potentially considered as the most prevalent form of scientific dishonesty discovered in research papers. The present review aims to provide a thorough account of plagiarism to build awareness about all dimensions of plagiarism.The key words “plagiarism”, “types”, “detection” and “consequences” have been applied to retrieve the articles from electronic references such as MEDLINE database. Around five hundred articles have been retrieved. The articles have been subdivided, each group encompassed a dimension of plagiarism. The major findings and updates have been summarized for each topic. The most important reason behind plagiarism as spotted is lack of knowledge about the subject. And when the researchers are trapped with deficient time, in experienced writing skills and the pressure in order get their work published in some decent journals, the authors surreptitiously take access others’ work and commit plagiarism. Before, detecting plagiarism used to be difficult; however, in recent years, the journals have devised many plagiarism-detection services and software programs. The current article provides the details on how the journals use these services and software tool to effectively check for plagiarism in submitted manuscripts. In academic settings, plagiarism is a potential devastating offense.Plagiarism is taken as the most common problem in research writing. The most critical way to curb it is to build up awareness about how to cope with this ever increasing problem known as research misconduct.
Consequences, detection, historical overview, plagiarism types
http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.html
http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.pdf
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research
2423-4486
2423-4494
2
2
2016
6
1
Development of lipid micromatrices based sustained release tablets of glipizide: suitability of stearic acid as release retardant
9
30
EN
Deepak
Singh
Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Delhi Mathura Road, P.O. Chhatikara, Mathura-281001, INDIA
N
Vijay
Sharma
Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie Road, Badhani, Pathankot – 145001, Punjab, INDIA
Y
Kamla
Pathak
Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy College Saifai, UPRIMS & R, Saifai, Etawah -206130, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA
N
10.18869/acadpub.pbr.2.2.9
The objective of research was to explore the suitability of lipids like compritol 888 ATO and stearic acid as release retardant to develop sustained release (SR) tablets. The SR micromatrices of lipid (s) and glipizide were prepared (LM1- LM6) as intermediate product by fusion method and assessed for various pharmacotechnical properties. Micromatrices were formulated as SR tablets (F1-F6) by direct compression method and subjected to Pharmacopoeial and Non Pharmacopoeial tests. In vitro drug release behavior of SR tablets demonstrated incomplete release of drug from compitrol based formulations whereas stearic acid based formulations (F4-F6) released more than 90% drug in 12 h with F5 displaying maximum %CDR of 95.70 ± 0.78%. A t50% of 3 h exhibited by F5 was significantly lower (2.7 h) than of marketed formulation (Glytop SR® (t50% = 5.7 h)). Similarity and dissimilarity factor for F5, with reference to Glytop SR® was 21.65% and 26.34% respectively, suggesting F5 has potential to exercise better control on drug release. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed drug particles embedded in stearic acid micromatrices that were confirmed by The X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and simultaneously Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform (DRIFT) confirmed the stability of F5. Conclusively, stearic acid explored as a suitable lipidic release retardant for development of SR tablet of glipizide that were stable for the test period of 6 months.
Glipizide, stearic acid, drug lipid micromatrices, sustained release tablet
http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.html
http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.pdf
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research
2423-4486
2423-4494
2
2
2016
6
1
Preparation and preliminary studies of [64Cu]-antiMUC-1 for breast cancer targeting
31
46
EN
Behrouz
Alirezapour
Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Tehran, Iran
N
Mohammad Javad
Rasaee
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
N
Amir Reza
Jalilian
Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Tehran, Iran
Y
Malihe
Paknejad
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
N
10.18869/acadpub.pbr.2.2.31
PR81 is a monoclonal antibody that binds with high affinity to MUC1 that over expressed on breast tumors. PR81 is considered a suitable targeting molecule that was radiolabeled using Cu-64 for positron imaging studies. The monoclonal antibody was conjugated with DOTA moiety and after purification was evaluated for radiochemical purity, immunoreactivity, cell toxicity and structure integrity as well as biodistribution study in normal rats. The radiolabeled antibody prepared with acceptable radiochemical purity (> 93.2 ± 0.6 %, ITLC; specific activity; 4.6 µCi/µg), protein structure integration, significant cytotoxicity and significant immunoreactivity retention was assessed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Animal biodistribution of the 64Cu-DOTA-PR81 was consistent with other radiolabeled antibodies. The results showed that 64Cu-DOTA-PR81 may be considered for tumor imaging for ultimate diagnosis and follow-up of MUC1 expression in oncology.
Copper-64, PR81, MUC1, tumor, biodistribution
http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.html
http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.pdf
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research
2423-4486
2423-4494
2
2
2016
6
1
Comparative in vitro assessment of tolterodine tartrate tablets by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC)
47
57
EN
Hossein
Danafar
Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
Y
10.18869/acadpub.pbr.2.2.47
Tolterodine tartrate, is a new, potent and competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist in clinical development for the treatment of urge incontinence and other symptoms of unstable bladder. The purpose of this study is to establish a reliable and quick method for the assignment of tolterodine tartrate by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). A rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for determination of tolterodine tartrate. Mobile phase was composed of phosphate acetate 0.1 M (pH 2.5)-acetonitrile (50:50 v/v) with a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. The eluted peaks were detected by a UV detector was set at wavelength of 285 nm. The method was validated in the range of tolterodine tartrate concentrations from 10 to 100 µg/ml. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of the method were 5 and 10 µg/ml, respectively. The average drug recovery was 98.20 % throughout the linear concentration range. The average within-run and between-run accuracy values of 98.56 % and 99.11 % respectively. Statistical assessment of various in vitro dissolution parameters and assay results was also conducted to establish if there were any significant difference among them. The validated HPLC method has been used successfully to study tolterodine tartrate.
Tolterodine tartrate, HPLC, assay, dissolution
http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-104-en.html
http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-104-en.pdf
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research
2423-4486
2423-4494
2
2
2016
6
1
Assessing the bioadhesivity of Acconon MC 8-2 EP/NF for gastroretention of floating microsponges of loratadine and achieving controlled drug delivery
58
74
EN
Sonam
Singh
Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, 281001, India
N
Kamla
Pathak
Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy College Saifai, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, 206130, India
Y
10.18869/acadpub.pbr.2.2.58
The aim of the present work was to assess the feasibility of Acconon MC8-2 EP/NF as a bioadhesive material for developing controlled release gastroretentive microsponges of loratadine. Modified emulsion-solvent diffusion method was employed for the preparation of microsponges (F1-F9) based on 32 factorial design. The amount of ethyl cellulose (EC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were selected as independent variables while particle size, entrapment efficiency and %CDR were designated as dependent variables. The formulation (F1) with least particle size of 54 ± 2.37µm, entrapment efficiency of 65.98 ± 2.21 % and CDR of 88.15 ± 1.59% at 8 h that followed zero order release kinetics was selected as optimized formulation. F1 was re-fabricated as bioadhesive microsponges (BF1) using Acconon MC 8-2 and assessed. The particle size of BF1increased to 84 ± 2.29 µm whereas the entrapment efficiency lowered to 55.19 ± 1.36% in comparison to F1. However, the CDR8h from BF1 (81.65 ± 3.37%) was comparable to F1. Dynamic in vitro bioadhesion test confirmed the bioadhesive property of BF1. Ex vivo permeation across gastric mucin depicted 52.87% CDP8h that followed zero order kinetics (r2 = 0.9885). Scanning electron microscopy revealed spherical and highly porous surface. The FTIR studies revealed no chemical interaction between drug and excipients. Hence, the study affirmed the bioadhesive characteristics of Acconon MC 8-2 EP/NF for development of controlled release biaodhesive floating microsponges of loratadine.
Acconon MC 8-2 EP/NF, bioadhesivity, loratadine, gastroretentive microsponges
http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-111-en.html
http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-111-en.pdf
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research
2423-4486
2423-4494
2
2
2016
6
1
Evaluation of the organophosphorus hydrolase enzyme activity in creams and investigation of its stability
75
83
EN
Mariye
Rajaie
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
N
Seyed Morteza
Robatjazi
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Y
Hamid
Akbari
Department of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
N
Sanaz
Mahboudi
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
N
Jafar
Mohammadian Mosaabadi
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
N
10.18869/acadpub.pbr.2.2.75
The main purpose of this project is investigation of the organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) enzyme activity in water in oil (w/o) and oil in water (o/w) creams and investigation of the OPH enzyme stability in formulated creams. OPH enzyme was extracted and purified from strain flavobacterium. The w/o and o/w creams were prepared using different formulations. In order to achieve an emulsion with maximum stability, appropriate percentage of the cream components was selected by studying different formulations and the physical and chemical stability of the produced cream were considered. 5Uenzyme/90gcream enzyme was used for each formulation. To measure the enzyme activity in creams, extraction method was used and enzyme activity was determined based on parathion hydrolysis. The thermal stability of OPH in both types of w/o and o/w creams was studied at 4 and 30 °C for various time periods. The average enzyme activity was about 0.0065 U/gcream and 0.018 U/gcream for w/o and o/w creams respectivly. According to the results, the relative activity at 4 °C was reduced to 50% after 26 and 45 days in w/o and o/w creams, respectivly. The results showed that the OPH enzyme activity in o/w cream was 2.6 times more than that of w/o cream, because of the higher hydrophobicity of o/w cream compared to w/o. The OPH enzyme stability in o/w cream was greater in comparison to w/o cream. The OPH enzyme was active for nearly 2 months on o/w creams at 4 °C .
Creams, organophosphorus hydrolase, enzyme stability
http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-113-en.html
http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-113-en.pdf
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research
2423-4486
2423-4494
2
2
2016
6
1
The effect of Plantago major seed mucilage combined with carbopol on the release profile and bioadhesive properties of propranolol HCl buccoadhesive tablets
84
100
EN
Jafar
Akbari
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
N
Majid
Saeedi
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
Y
Katayoun
Morteza-Semnani
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
N
Behnaz
Zarrabi
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
N
Seyyed Sohrab
Rostamkalaei
Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
N
Hamid Reza
Kelidari
Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
N
10.18869/acadpub.pbr.2.2.84
Buccoadhesive drug delivery systems have distinct advantages in comparison with oral administration. Plant exudates like gum or mucilage are being studied for their use as pharmaceutical adjuvant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the properties of the Plantago major seed mucilage as a mucoadhesive agent and propranolol hydrochloride is chosen as a model drug. Mucoadhesive tablets of propranolol hydrochloride were formulated by combination of two mucoadhesive polymers include Carbopol 934P and Plantago major mucilage, and properties such as in vitro drug release, swelling, erosion, mucoadhesive force were studied. The results show increase in bioadhesive strength and decrease in release rate with increase in percent of Carbopol 934P, as F13 (containing Carbopol 934P alone) and F8 (containing mucilage alone) show the highest bioadhesive strength and highest release rate respectively and these results were matched to swelling results which decrease in swelling of matrices results in decrease in bioadhesion. Matrices with both Plantago major mucilage and Carbopol have the optimum drug release in bioadhesive formulation of propranolol tablets.
Plantago major, mucilage, mucoadhesive, DSC, FTIR
http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-114-en.html
http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-114-en.pdf