@article{ author = {Zamani, Ehsan and Shokrzadeh, Mohammad and Fallah, Marjan and Shaki, Fatemeh}, title = {A review of acrylamide toxicity and its mechanism}, abstract ={Acrylamide (AA) is an important industrial chemical agent that is mainly used in the production of polymers and copolymers. Recently it has been attention because of its production in the diet at high-temperature (>120 ºC) processes such as cooking, frying, toasting, roasting or baking of high carbohydrate foods. According to high exposure to acrylamide, recognition of its toxic effect is necessary. Neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity and immunotoxicity of AA were observed in several studies. There isn’t a clear mechanism that justifies this toxicity. In this study we reviewed the mechanisms of AA toxicity especially oxidative stress and apoptosis. AA can cause neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity on animal models. It showed neurotoxicity in human. We suggested the oxidative stress is the main factor for inducing of acrylamide toxicities. We advised that modifying of food processing methods can be as a good way for decreasing of AA production in foods.}, Keywords = {Acrylamide, toxicity, mechanism, kinetic, human, animal}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.pbr.3.1.1}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-146-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-146-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Bagheri-Nesami, Masoumeh and Shorofi, Seyed Afshin and Nikkhah, Attieh and Espahbodi, Fatemeh}, title = {The effects of lavender essential oil aromatherapy on anxiety and depression in haemodialysis patients}, abstract ={This study was intended to examine the effects of lavender essential oil aromatherapy on anxiety and depression in haemodialysis patients. This randomised clinical trial was conducted on 72 haemodialysis patients divided into control and experimental groups. The control group only received the routine care. The experimental group received aromatherapy with 3 drops of lavender essential oil 5% for 10 minutes every time they underwent haemodialysis for a period of one month. Anxiety and depression were measured in both groups at baseline and by the end of the second and fourth weeks during the first hour of a dialysis session. The rANOVA showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the severity of anxiety before the intervention and by the end of the second and fourth weeks (p  =  0.783). However, the  rANOVA revealed a significant difference with respect to the severity of depression between the two groups (p  =  0.005). Current research suggests that we need various concentrations of lavender essential oil to relieve anxiety compared to depression. In sum, future studies are required to investigate different concentrations of lavender essential oil at different times during haemodialysis sessions to obtain specific doses for lavender essential oil to be used on haemodialysis patients suffering from anxiety and depression.}, Keywords = {Aromatherapy, lavender, anxiety, depression, haemodialysis}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {8-13}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.pbr.3.1.8}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-138-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-138-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {sharma, Prachi and Gupta, Swati}, title = {Development and evaluation of macrophage targeted multidrug therapy against visceral leishmaniasis}, abstract ={In this study, we fabricated PCL-nanoparticles by encapsulating dual drugs as amphotericin B and doxorubicin via double-emulsion solvent evaporation method also incorporated with ligand-lectin for targeting the infested macrophage cells and prove importance against VL. Different independent processing parameters were assessed systematically to enhance the incorporation of the dual agents with different properties (AmB and DOX, hydrophobic & hydrophilic molecule, respectively) into PCL-NPs and control particle size. Approaches investigated for the enhancement of drug entrapment efficiencies and smaller particle size included the influence of the drug content, polymer content, sonication time etc. The mean particle size and zeta potential of PCL-NPs were 236.7 ± 0.04 nm in diameter and -9.11 ± 3.46 mV, respectively. The entrapment efficiencies of AmB and DOX were 82.1 ± 1.39 and 75.20 ± 0.14 %, respectively. Antileishmanial activities of the formulations and various combination approaches were assessed using macrophage-specific ligand-lectin. The prepared plain and lectin coated PCL-NPs based systems showed remarkable potential for passive and active intra macrophage targeting, respectively and the approach could be a successful alternative to the currently available drug regimens against VL. Multidrug resistance can be improved by combination delivery of encapsulated anti VL drugs. Thus, the co-encapsulation of AmB and DOX should reduce side effects of both drugs while increasing efficacy.}, Keywords = {PCL-Nanoparticles, amphotericin B, doxorubicin, lectin, macrophages, macrophage targeting}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {14-21}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.pbr.3.1.14}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-148-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-148-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Akhtar, Nida and KumarSingh, Rahul and Pathak, Kamal}, title = {Exploring the potential of complex-vesicle based niosomal ocular system loaded with azithromycin: Development of in situ gel and ex vivo characterization}, abstract ={Abstract Bacterial conjunctivitis characterized as pink eye referred as an inflammation of an eye caused by the enlargement of blood vessels present in conjunctiva, resulting in a red or bloodshot appearance of the eyes. Topical ocular delivery is found to be useful in treating conjunctivitis, but to maintain an effective drug concentration at a site of action in order to achieve desired pharmacological action is highly challenging. Thus, keeping in mind this limitation niosomal carrier was designed to provide localized drug delivery with enhanced residence time. Thus, the present investigation was targeted to explore the utility of niosomes loaded with azithromycin-β-CD complex. Azithromycin-β-CD complex was prepared and niosomes containing this complex were developed based on 32 full factorial design using ether injection method and characterized. Optimized niosomal formulation (NF2) was selected on the basis of minimum vesicle size (306 ± 3.05 nm), polydispersity index (0.115 ± 5.51), maximum zeta potential (45.3 ± 0.25 mv), entrapment efficiency (78.17 ± 1.81 %) and % CDR (73.09 ± 2.10). Optimized formulation was then formulated in the form of in situ gel (temperature sensitive) and evaluated. Optimized formulation [in situ gel (NG-5)] was found to exhibit superior in vitro drug release profile in comparison to Zithromax® eye drop. Better in-vitro mucoadhesive strength was observed and formulation was found to be non-irritant to the sclera surface. Thus, it can be put into conclusion that temperature-sensitive niosomal in situ ocular gel possessed increased residence time and provide localized drug delivery effective for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Optimized niosomal formulation (NF2) was selected on the basis of minimum vesicle size (306 ± 3.05 nm), polydispersity index (0.115 ± 5.51), maximum zeta potential (45.3 ± 0.25), entrapment efficiency (78.17 ± 1.81 %) and % CDR (73.09 ± 2.10). Optimized formulation was then formulated in the form of in situ gel (temperature sensitive) and evaluated. Optimized formulation [in situ gel (NG-5)] was found to exhibit superior in vitro drug release profile in comparison to Zithromax® eye drop. Better in-vitro mucoadhesive strength was observed and formulation was found to be non-irritant to the sclera surface. Thus, it can be put into conclusion that temperature-sensitive niosomal in situ ocular gel possessed increased residence time and provide localized drug delivery effective for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. }, Keywords = {β-CD, conjunctivitis, eye, penetration, residence time, vesicular carrier}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {22-33}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.pbr.3.1.22}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Ghorbel, Imen and Chaabane, Mariem and Elwej, Awatef and Kallel, Choumous and GratiKamoun, Naziha and Najiba, Zeghal}, title = {Extra Virgin olive oil mitigates hematotoxicity induced by acrylamide and oxidative damage in adult rats}, abstract ={Acrylamide (ACR) is a dietary contaminant derived from a wide range of foods through the Maillard-reaction during the cooking process. The present study focused on the hematotoxic effects of ACR and the protective efficacy of Extra Virgin olive oil (EVOO) in alleviating hematotoxicity and oxidative stress in erythrocytes of adult rats. Rats were divided into four groups of six each: group 1, serving as negative controls, received distilled water; group 2 received by  gavage ACR at a dose of 40 mg/ kg body weight; group 3 received by gavage ACR supplemented with EVOO (300 μL); group 4,serving as positive controls, received only EVOO by gavage. All groups were sacrificed after three weeks. Acrylamide induced a significant increase in white blood cells (WBC), erythrocyte osmotic fragility (OF) and a decrease in red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht). While mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and MCH concentration (MCHC) remained unchanged. Furthermore, exposure of rats to ACR induced erythrocytes oxidative stress with an increase of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and protein carbonyls levels. A reduction in antioxidant status, enzymatic (catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and non enzymatic (reduced glutathione, non protein thiols and vitamin C) was observed when compared to controls. EVOO supplementation alleviated significantly hematotoxicity induced by acrylamide as evidenced by restoring the biochemical markers cited above to near normal values. Our results revealed that extra virgin olive oil, a main component of olive Mediterranean diet, was effective in preventing erythrocytes damage and oxidative stress.}, Keywords = {Acrylamide, rats, erythrocytes, antioxidant status, extra virgin olive oil}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {34-40}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.pbr.3.1.34}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-154-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-154-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {sharma, Prachi and Gupta, Swati}, title = {PLGA-based macrophage-mediated drug targeting for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis}, abstract ={The potential of PLGA-nanoparticles as a carrier of amphotericin B and doxorubicin against visceral leishmaniasis was evaluated by macrophage-mediated drug targeting approach. PLGA-nanoparticles were modified by coating them with macrophage-specific ligand-lectin. Prior to in-vitro studies, characterization studies were carried out systematically include particle size, surface morphology, percent drug entrapment and percent drug release. In vitro studies were carried out in J774.1 in order to evaluate the effective endocytotic uptake of nanoparticles by macrophages. The antileishmanial activity of PLGA-nanoparticles and lectin-PLGA-nanoparticles was tested in-vitro in leishmania donovani infected macrophage-amastigote system (J774A.1 cells), which showed higher efficacy of lectin grafted PLGA-nanoparticles over plain PLGA-nanoparticles. The prepared plain and lectin grafted PLGA-Nanoparticles based systems showed excellent potential for passive and active intra-macrophage targeting, respectively and the approach could be an effective alternative to the currently available drug regimens against VL.}, Keywords = {Visceral leishmaniasis, macrophage targeting, nanoparticles, amphotericin B, doxorubicin, lectin}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {41-47}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.pbr.3.1.41}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-158-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-158-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Narayanan, Janakiraman and MarimuthualiasAntonysamy, Johnso}, title = {Larvicidal potential of Cyathea species against Culex quinquefasciatus}, abstract ={Resistance to insecticides has persuaded researchers to find new methods to control Culex quinquefasciatus proliferation. Plants may be a source of alternative agents for mosquito control due to ever-growing insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors and environmental imbalance caused by synthetic insecticides. The present study was intended to study the larvicidal activity of selected Cyathea species against the filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Larvicidal potential of different extracts were evaluated and larval mortality were recorded. The larvae were more sensitive to ethanolic extracts of studied three Cyathea species when compared to other extracts. Acetone, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts were considered to be less effective. The LC50 values of different extracts ranged from 320.72 to 657.03 µg/ml. The results exhibited that the tested three Cyathea species showed concentration dependent potential larvicidal effects and also provide an indication of possible bioactive properties.}, Keywords = {Tree ferns, culex quinquefasciatus, larvicidal}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {48-51}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.pbr.3.1.48}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-105-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-105-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Jain, Ankit and Dubey, Naina and Gajbehiye, Asmita and Patil, Sheilendr}, title = {Development and characterization of rozuvastatin loaded self emulsifying drug delivery system for the effective management of hypolipidemia}, abstract ={The present work was aimed to develop and characterize rosuvastatin loaded self emulsifying drug delivery system for the effective management of hypolipidemia (RSEDDS) for improving bioavailability, to enhance solubility, to prolong residence time and to provide sufficient amount of drug to a target site in a sustained release manner. Self-emulsifying drug delivery system was prepared by simple emulsification technique, six batches i.e. f1 to f6 were prepared by varying the concentration of oils, surfactant, co-surfactant and co-solvent and evaluated for the various parameters, e.g. optical microscopy, assessment of self emulsification, emulsification time, droplet size analysis, zeta potential measurement, transmission electron microscopy, viscosity determination, drug content, percentage transmittance, in vitro dissolution study and stability studies. The RSEDDS was optimized and batch F5 was opted for further studies. The drug content of selected batch F5 was found to be 97.65 ± 1.37%, which suggests that method for encapsulation was effective. The results of in vitro drug release studies showed about 83% of the drug release within 180 minutes, which exhibit sustained release of drug. There were no significant changes observed in the physical appearance, drug content and in vitro release during stability studies. The studies reveal that the RSEDDS is a potential candidate for sustained release drug delivery which can successfully increase bioavailability.}, Keywords = {Self-emulsifying drug delivery system, rosuvastatin, sustained release, tem, in vitro release}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/pbr.3.2.1}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Chaabane, Mariem and Elwej, Awatef and Ghorbel, Imen and Boudawara, Tahia and Zeghal, Najiba and Soudani, Nejl}, title = {Citrus aurantium L. peel extract mitigates hexavalent chromium-induced oxidative stress and cardiotoxicity in adult rats}, abstract ={In the present study, we aimed to examine the potential protective effect of C. aurantinum L. peel extract against oxidative damage induced by hexavalent chromium in the heart of adult rats. Rats were divided into six groups. Group I served as controls and received standard diet. Group II received via drinking water potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) alone (700 ppm) during 3 weeks. Groups III and IV were pre-treated for 10 days by gavage with the ethanolic extract of C. aurantium peels at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively, and then K2Cr2O7 was administrated during 3 weeks. Groups V and VI received by gavage only C. aurantium peel ethanolic extract at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively, during 10 days. K2Cr2O7 treatment increased the cardiac levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PCO), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), non-protein thiols, glutathione and vitamin C, as well as the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Cardiac histological alterations, manifested by hemorrhage and cytoplasmic vacuolization, were also observed. Pre-treatment with C. aurantium peel extract (300 mg/kg) attenuated significantly the biochemical and histopathological changes observed following K2Cr2O7 exposure in rat’s heart. Our findings indicated that C. aurantium peel extract was able to hamper K2Cr2O7-induced myocardial injury, which could be attributed to its antioxidant activity.}, Keywords = {Chromium, rats, heart, oxidative stress, c. aurantium peel}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {8-18}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/pbr.3.2.8}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-164-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-164-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Ghorbel, Imen and Elwej, Awatef and Chaabane, Mariem and Jamoussi, Kamel and Zeghal, Najib}, title = {Protective effect of selenium against aluminium chloride induced cardiotoxicity in rats}, abstract ={Our study pertains to evaluate the protective effect of selenium (Se), used as a nutritional supplement, against aluminium chloride induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Rats have received during 21 days either AlCl3 (400 ppm) via drinking water, AlCl3 associated with Na2SeO3 (0.5 mg/kg of diet) or only Na2SeO3. Co-administration of Se to AlCl3 treated rats alleviated heart oxidative stress objectified by a decrease of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and protein carbonyls levels. An improvement in antioxidant redox status, enzymatic (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and non enzymatic (reduced glutathione, non protein thiols and vitamin C) was also observed in Se treated rats.  LDH and CK activities, TC, LDL-C levels, TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were increased, while HDL-C and TG decreased in rats treated with AlCl3. Cardiac biomarkers and lipid profile were restored to near control values by the supplementation of Se. Our results revealed that Se, a trace element with antioxidant properties, was effective in preventing heart damage induced by aluminium chloride.}, Keywords = {Aluminium, rats, oxidative stress, selenium, heart}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {19-25}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/pbr.3.2.19}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-165-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-165-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {JabbarImani, Naghme and Saeedi, Majid and Hajheydari, Zohreh and Ebrahimzadeh, Mohammad Ali and Morteza-Semnani, Katayou}, title = {Effect of Sambucus ebulus topical preparation on uremic pruritus}, abstract ={Uremic pruritus is a common and distressing symptom that affects more than 40% of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Several medications as well as topical preparation have been used for relief this condition. Sambucus ebulus has been shown anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects. In this research, the antipruritic effect of S. ebulus fruit extract was evaluated on patients with uremic pruritus. S. ebulus fruits were collected from Sari suburb, Iran. Fruits were dried at room temperature and several fractions of extract were prepared. After formulating suitable gel (2%) a randomized, single blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 78 patients (40 patients received S. ebulus topical gel 2% and 38 patients received placebo gel) for 8 weeks and the changes in hyperuremic induced pruritus severity were evaluated. Sixty one patients completed the study. The Pruritus severity index was reduced in both groups after 8 weeks’ treatment. S. ebulus topical gel showed more effect than placebo, but this difference was not statistically significant. The results showed that S. ebulus topical gel can reduce uremic pruritus severity, and more study with higher extract concentration or more cases is proposed.}, Keywords = {Uremic pruritus, sambucus ebulus, topical preparation, clinical trial}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {26-32}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/pbr.3.2.26}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-161-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-161-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Shaterpour, Mohammad and Shaki, Fatemeh and Ghasemi, Maryam and Jafari-Sabet, Majid and Ziar, Ali and Ataee, Rami}, title = {The protective effect of curcumin against lithium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats}, abstract ={Lithium is an element which has been used as salts of chloride or carbonate for many years in the treatment of some psychological disorders such as mania, bipolar or schizophrenic diseases. Chronic application of lithium may induce some serious nephropathies such as natriuresis, renal tubular acidosis, tubulointerstitial nephritis progression to progressive chronic kidney disease and hypercalcemia and, most commonly, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Curcumin is an antioxidant derived from Curcuma longa (turmeric or curcuma) which has the ability to react directly with reactive species and up-regulation of many cytoprotective and antioxidant proteins. The preventive roles of curcumin in nephropathies were reported, but there was little information on the protective effect of curcumin against lithium-induced nephrotoxicity. In this study, male Wistar rats divided into five groups of six each and were treated as follows: group1; animals were received lithium chloride as 2 mmol/kg, group 2; animals were received normal saline (0, 5%), group 3; animals were received curcumin (200 mg/kg), group 4 animals were received curcumin plus lithium and group 5; animals were received solvent intraperitoneally for three weeks. Then the animals were killed and biochemical parameters of blood were assayed and histopathological assessment was performed. The results have shown that curcumin significantly improved the biochemicals (BUN, creatinine, malondialdehyde). Curcumin prevented significantly the histological parameters that were changed by lithium administration in rats. Our results provide new insights into beneficial usages of curcumin in chronic nephrotoxicity induced by lithium salts.}, Keywords = {Lithium toxicity, curcumin, nephrotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, histopathology}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {33-38}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/pbr.3.2.33}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Zamani, Hojjatolah and Rahbar, Saeid and Garakoui, Seyed Reza and AfsahSahebi, Anahita and Jafari, Hannaneh}, title = {Antibiofilm potential of Lactobacillus plantarum spp. cell free supernatant (CFS) against multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens}, abstract ={Biofilm formation is a major determinant factor in development of bacterial infections. In addition, bacteria embedded in a biofilm are more resistant to antimicrobials and thus the ability of bacteria to persist and grow in a biofilm seems to be the major factor for pathogenesis and therapeutic failure. In the current study, a Lactobacillus plantarum spp was isolated from Siahmazgi cheese, traditional cheese of Guilan province, Iran, and was identified using morphological, biochemical and molecular identification assays. Antibiofilm potential of the Lactobacillus plantarum spp cell free supernatant (CFS) against multidrug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was characterized. According to the results, the CFS not only reduced biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria, but also disrupted preformed biofilms. The CFS remained unaffected by chemicals including EDTA, SDS and Tween 80, and showed stability at high temperatures (80 and 100 ˚C), as well as a wide range of pH. However, the antibiofilm activity was inhibited after treating with proteinase K. According to these results, L. plantarum spp could be regarded as a suitable strain to produce antibiofilm agents which could be used for preventive and therapeutic approaches.}, Keywords = {Antibiofilm, multidrug resistance, lactic acid bacteria, probiotics}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {39-44}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/pbr.3.2.39}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-167-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-167-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Alinezhad, Vajiheh and Alinezhad, Heshmatollah and Ataee, Ramin and Ataie, Ami}, title = {Utilization of curcumine and nanocurcumine compounds in cancer therapy}, abstract ={Curcumin is a polyphenol extracted from the Curcuma plant. Curcumin has been used widely in ayurvedic medicine for centuries; it has a variety of biological properties including anti-oxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic activity. Curcumin has shown anti-cancer activities through variety of biological pathways engaged in mutagenesis, oncogene expression, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis and metastasis. Curcumin has proved anti-proliferative effect in many cancers, and is an inhibitor of the transcription factor NF-κB and downstream gene products (including c-myc, Bcl-2, COX-2, NOS, Cyclin D1, TNF-α, interleukins and MMP-9). Furthermore, curcumin affects a variety of growth factor receptors and cell adhesion molecules involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. However, a limiting factor is its extremely low bioavailability which hinders its use as therapeutic agent. Therefore, many technologies have been developed to overcome this limitation. We summarize to develop curcumin delivery aims and increase solubility for improving curcumin bioavailability and anticancer potential for therapy.  }, Keywords = {Curcumin, apoptosis, anti-proliferative, metastasis, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic activity}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/pbr.3.3.1}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-178-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-178-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mehrabifard, Ramin and Mehdian, Hassan and bakhshzadmahmodi, mahdi}, title = {Effect of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells}, abstract ={Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has received great attention due to its noteworthy ability, and has also been widely studied over few decades in physics, biology and medicine. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cold atmospheric pressure plasma effects on the proliferation of breast cancer cells. MDA-MB-231 was used for this experiment. MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in 24-well plate and treated with non-thermal plasma. The viability of the cancer cells was determined by MTT assay. Different input power was applied in this experience (20-35W), and treatment time was between 5s and 25s. For reducing thermal damage, gas temperature was less than 37 ˚C. The Viability of breast cancer cells was significantly decreased after plasma treatment. The results showed that viability was decreased with an increment of plasma power and plasma exposure time. These results suggest that non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma could strongly have cytotoxicity effect on cancerous breast cell.}, Keywords = {non-thermal plasma, cancer cells, cell viability, MTT assay, MDA-MB-231}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {12-16}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/pbr.3.3.12}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-175-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-175-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Azimzadeh, Kaveh and Jafarpour, Hossein and Adldoost, Sadr}, title = {Sertraline alters level of adenosine deaminase activity, oxidative stress markers and cardiac biomarkers (homocysteine cardiac troponin I) in rats}, abstract ={The aim of this study is whether oxidative stress markers, homocysteine (Hcy), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and the activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) alter following administration of different doses of sertraline. Sixty male Wistar rats were assigned into four groups. Sertraline at doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg / kg / day) were administered to three groups through gastric gavage for 90 days. The fourth group was received only distilled water. After 90 days of sertaline administration, the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in plasma were measured. The results revealed remarkable elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) and considerable reduction in Hcy, cTnI, antioxidant enzymes levels as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase and paraoxonase (PON)and ADA activity in the rats that were receive sertraline at dose of 80 mg /Kg /day. The results denoted that sertraline administration at the dose of 80 mg/kg/day reduce cardiovascular biomarkers. Meanwhile, decrease of ADA activity may suggest reduction of immune function due to sertraline administration.  }, Keywords = {Sertraline, biochemical parameters, rat}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {17-22}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/pbr.3.3.17}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-174-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-174-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Barzegari, Amir Abbas and Hashemzaei, Masood and Majdani, Raheleh and Alihemmati, Ali-Rez}, title = {Effects of topical treatment of second-degree burn wounds with Lactobacillus acidophilus on the wound healing process in male rats}, abstract ={Despite preventive measures, incidence of burns is still one of the important medical problems. Nowadays, it has been suggested that some strains of probiotic bacteria have beneficial effects in treatment of skin injures like skin wounds. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on second-degree burn wounds in rats. Second-degree burn wounds were induced on the back of the 60 Wistar rats by contacting of a heated aluminum bar. After that, the rats randomly assigned to negative control (received no treatment), vehicle control (received Eucerin, daily) and experimental (received daily, an ointment of bacteria in Eucerin) groups. Macroscopic assessment of wound healing was conducted by calculating the percent of wound healing in days 3, 7 and 14 post-burn. Moreover, wound samples were harvested for microscopic evaluation of wound area. The results showed that in the experimental groups, the percent of wound healing, in the 3th and 7th days of experiments was significantly higher than control group. Moreover, in addition to prevention of burn infection, the bacteria had beneficial effects on different aspects of wound healing processes like reducing the inflammatory response and accelerating the granulation tissue formation and re-epithelialization. Overall, the present study showed that the treatment of burn wounds with L. acidophilus might accelerate the healing processes of second-degree burn wounds.           }, Keywords = {Lactobacillus acidophilus, probiotics, topical, burn wound, rats }, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {23-30}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/pbr.3.3.23}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-176-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-176-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Farnia, Samaneh and Bazyari, Hamid and Ahmadi, Hanieh and Tabrizi, Nasim and sharifi_razavi, Athena and Hendouei, Narjes}, title = {Effects of three months treatment with sertraline on intraocular pressure and cup-to-disc ratio in patients with anxiety disorders/mixed anxiety and depressive disorder/major depressive disorder and without underlying eye disease}, abstract ={Exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors causes pupillary dilator muscle stimulation, active mydriasis, rapid rise in the level of the intraocular pressure (IOP), damage to the optic nerve at the back of the eye, and ultimately leads to acute angle closure glaucoma. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of sertraline on the levels of IOP and cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) in patients with anxiety disorders or mixed anxiety and depressive disorder or major depressive under daily treatment with sertraline and without underlying eye disease for three months. In this study,30 eligible patients in the sertraline group and 30 healthy volunteers in the control group include the study and were referred to an ophthalmologist. Ophthalmologic examinations were assessed at the baseline and on the first and third months of the study. The average daily dose of sertraline was 95±2.5 mg.During the study, the IOP changes in the sertraline and control groups were 0.26±0.43 and 0.00±0.00 mmHg (p<0.001, p=NS) respectively and the CDR changes in sertraline and control groups were 0.03±0.05 and -0.01±0.05 (p=0.002, p=0.03) respectively. There was a significant difference in the IOP and CDR increasement between two groups ([F (1.7, 104.2) = 3.7, p = 0.03] and [F (2, 116) = 8.3, p < 0.001] respectively). In the present study, although changes in the IOP and CDR  levels in the sertraline group were significant and was equal the daily change in the persons without glaucoma or patients with normal-tension glaucoma, but the slight and continuous increase in the IOP level associated with changes in pupil size and CDR, especially in patients at risk of glaucoma in the long term, can cause a disruption in hydrodynamic homeostasis. More studies with longer duration and different dosage of sertraline need to confirm our results.     }, Keywords = {Selective serotonin, reuptake inhibitors, intraocular pressure, cup-to-disc ratio}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {31-37}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/pbr.3.3.31}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-179-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-179-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Kaushik, Suchitra and Pathak, Kaml}, title = {Solubility enhancement of glimperide: Development of solid dispersion by solvent melt method, characterization and dosage form development}, abstract ={The aim of the present work was to develop immediate release dosage form of the solid dispersion of glimperide (GLIM) for potential enhancement in the bioavailability. The solid dispersions of GLIM were prepared with PEG6000, PVP K30 and Poloxamer 188, in 1:1, 1:3 and 1:5 %w/w ratio by using solvent wetting and solvent melt method. The in vitro dissolution parameters (%DE10min, %DE30min, %DE60min, T50% and DP30) were used to select the optimized solid dispersion that was characterized by IR, PXRD, DSC and SEM. The optimized solid dispersion of GLIM (GSDSM3) was used as drug component for immediate release (IR) tablets that were evaluated for physical and pharmacopoeial parameters. The in vitro drug release studies identified G4 as the optimized tablet with a cumulative drug release (CDR) of 99.34% in 30 min in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. The CDR was higher than the marketed tablet (91.15%, Amaryl®, Sanofiaventis), However, the f1 and f2 were 10.6 and 52 respectively, which confirmed similarity of the dissolution profile(s). Accelerated stability studies confirmed stability up to 6 months at 40°C/75% condition in the HDPE bottle pack.}, Keywords = {Glimperide, solid dispersion, solvent wetting method, solvent melt method, immediate release tablet}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-13}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18502/pbr.v3i4.84}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-181-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-181-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {shahnazi, razieh and ebrahimzadeh, mohamamd ali}, title = {Protective effects of methanolic extract of Vicia cracca against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice}, abstract ={Vicia genus has 45 species in Iran. Many protective and biological activities have been reported from these species.  In spite of many works, nothing is known about protective effect of V. cracca against hypoxia conditions. In this study, protective effects of V. cracca extract against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice were evaluated by three experimental models of hypoxia, asphyctic, haemic and circulatory. Statistically significant protective activities were observed in some doses of extract in three models. Antihypoxic activity was especially pronounced in asphyctic model. Extract at 200 mg/kg prolonged survival time (27.37 ± 4.0 min) but was not comparable with that of phenytoin (39.80 ± 1.92). At 100 mg/kg it also prolonged survival time (24.76 ± 3.7 min) which was so higher than control group. In haemic model, V. cracca extract significantly and dose dependently prolonged survival time as compared to control group. At 200 mg/kg, extract was being capable of keeping the mice alive for 15.38 ± 1.93 min. It was also effective in circulatory model. V. cracca extract at 200 mg/kg prolonged survival time (16.84 ± 1.47 min) that was statistically significant as compared to control group (13.14 ± 0.51 min). V. cracca extract showed a very good protective effect against the hypoxia in some models. Specifically, they produced significant and dose-dependent effect on the model of asphytic and haemic hypoxia. The presence of polyphenols in this plant may be a proposal mechanism for reported antihypoxic activities of this plant.}, Keywords = {Antihypoxia, asphyctic hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, vcia cracca}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {14-17}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18502/pbr.v3i4.85}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-186-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-186-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Zare, Somayeh and Bagheri-Nesami, Masoumeh and Jafari, Hedayat and YazdaniCharati, Jamshid and Habibi, Valiollah}, title = {The effect of eucalyptus vapor on cough after coronary artery bypass surgery}, abstract ={Cough is postoperative complication following endotracheal intubation as well as inflammation of the pharynx, larynx and trachea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eucalyptus vapor on cough after tracheal extubation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). In this randomized controlled trial, 100 patients undergoing CABG were randomly divided into two groups by accessible sampling. Before the intervention and after tracheal extubation, demographic and clinical data, as well as data on cough by a scoring system were collected from interventional and control groups. The patients in the interventional group after tracheal extubation were exposed to eucalyptus vapor for about 10 min. This treatment was performed at 1 and 12 h after extubation. The severity of cough was recorded in both interventional and control groups at 0, 1, 6, 12 and 24 h after extubation. The present study showed that the severity of cough after extubation in the patients undergoing CABG in the interventional group had no significant difference at the times of immediate to 24 hours after extubation. Risk of cough had respectively 9.5% increase in the control group as compared to the interventional group.}, Keywords = {Eucalyptus, cough, coronary artery bypass graft, intubation }, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {18-22}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18502/pbr.v3i4.86}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-185-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-185-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Shokrzadeh, Mohammad and Azadbakht, Mohammad and Shakibamanesh, Hamidrez}, title = {The hepatoprotective effect of Arnebia euchroma hydro-alcoholic extract against liver toxicity induced by CCl4 in mice}, abstract ={Arnebia euchroma is from Boraginaceae family. Various therapeutic effects have been reported for different species of this plant. The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the root of A. euchroma and its protective effect on hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in mice. In this experimental study, A. euchroma was extracted with ethanol solvent by maceration method. Antioxidant activity of the plant has been evaluated by the DPPH free radical scavenging method. Then, the hepatoprotective effect of A. euchroma was evaluated through determination the content of glutathione in liver tissue, ALP, AST, ALT serum levels and histopathology of liver in different groups. The total phenolic content determined as 0.56% per 100 g of plant was equivalent to gallic acid. The total flavonoid content was 0.079% per 100 g of plant that was equivalent to quercetin. The IC50 of the extract for free radical scavenging was obtained 139.2 µg/ml. The extract increased liver glutathione and serums ALP, AST, ALT that were decreased by CCl4 administration in animal. All protective effects were dose-dependent and the results of liver histopathology showed a significant improvement of inflammation and necrosis that were caused by CCl4 in mice. The results of this study revealed that the hydroalcoholic extract of A. euchroma root has an antioxidant effect and excellent hepatoprotection in mice.}, Keywords = {Hepatoprotective, arnebia euchroma, CCl4, mice}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {23-29}, publisher = {Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18502/pbr.v3i4.87}, url = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-188-en.html}, eprint = {http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-188-en.pdf}, journal = {Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research}, issn = {2423-4486}, eissn = {2423-4494}, year = {2017} }