en داروسازی و طب سنتی Medicine and traditional medicine مروری Review article <strong>Background</strong>: Myrtus communis L. (MC), or common myrtle, is a member of the Myrtaceae family and has been widely used in herbal medicine, including Persian medicine (PM), the Unani system, and modern medical research.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Objectives</strong>: This review aimed to explore MC berries, leaves, seeds, and essential oils&rsquo; therapeutic and biochemical properties in PM and contemporary scientific studies.<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: Modern research was sourced from databases, such as ScienceDirect, Scopus, Embase, and PubMed. PM sources included key traditional textbooks, such as &lsquo;the canon of medicine,&rsquo; &lsquo;Makhzan al-Adviyah,&rsquo; and others. The search was based on the keywords Myrtus communis or myrtle in new sources and Mord or Habb-ul-Aas in traditional medicine sources.<br> <strong>Results</strong>: In PM, MC has been used for neurological (headaches, epilepsy), ophthalmic (conjunctivitis), head and neck (toothache, earache, gingivitis), respiratory (cough, tuberculosis), gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD, diarrhea), urogenital (bladder stones, dysuria), and skin conditions (warts, burns, acne). Modern studies have confirmed its efficacy in treating urogenital infections (vaginitis, human papillomavirus [HPV]), skin issues (acne and warts), GERD, and head and neck conditions (aphthous stomatitis). In vivo and in vitro studies have shown antiparasitic, cardiovascular, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects (Alzheimer&rsquo;s and insomnia).<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Modern research has validated many traditional uses of MC; however, further studies are required to confirm its medical benefits comprehensively. Myrtus communis (MC), Phytotherapy, Medicine, Traditional, complementary therapies, Plant 173 188 http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1413-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Ali Rezaee alirezaee2510@gmail.com 100319475328460011635 0009-0005-8480-5408 Yes Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Mohsen Rezaee Rezaee.Mohsen.1382@gmail.com 100319475328460011636 0009-0009-2396-5175 No Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Zohre Feyzabadi feyzabadi_8823@yahoo.com 100319475328460011637 100319475328460011637 No Dr Feyzabadi Private Practice, Mashhad, Iran. Mohammad M. Zarshenas zarm@sums.ac.ir 100319475328460011638 100319475328460011638 No Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.