en بیولوژی سلولی- مولکولی Cellular and Molecular Biology پژوهشي Original Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background</strong>: Addressing cancer treatment and drug resistance is critical because cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Targeting key enzymes, such as tubulin and lipoxygenase, may yield new strategies to impede tumor growth and enhance treatment efficacy.<br> <strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer effects of 1,3-thiazole derivatives on A549 and HT-29 cancer cell lines and investigate their ability to inhibit tubulin and lipoxygenase enzymes.<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: Ethyl and methyl derivatives with a central 1,3-thiazole core were synthesized in one step. A549 and HT-29 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium. The cytotoxic effects of the derivatives were assessed by treating the cells with varying concentrations for 24, 48, and 72 hours, followed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Molecular docking using AutoDock Vina software, version 1.1.2 was performed to evaluate the derivatives&rsquo; inhibitory effects on tubulin and lipoxygenase.<br> <strong>Results</strong>: Compound A demonstrated significant anticancer activity against A549 cells at 500 &micro;g/mL. Compound B also inhibited 50% of cancer cells at 1000 &micro;g/mL. In the HT-29 cell line, compound A reduced cell viability by 50% at 500 &micro;g/mL, while compound B showed stronger effects at the same concentration. Ligand A exhibited notable inhibitory potential against tubulin, whereas ligand B had significant inhibitory effects against tubulin and lipoxygenase.<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The ethyl substituent of the 1,3-thiazole core shows promise as an anticancer agent against A549, while the methyl substituent is effective against HT-29. Both derivatives can inhibit tubulin function.</div> Thiazoles, A549 cells, HT-29 cells, Tubulin, Lipoxygenase, Molecular docking 87 98 http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1379-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Yasin SarveAhrabi yasin.ahrabi2016@gmail.com 100319475328460012148 100319475328460012148 No Department of Biology, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Saina Aqa Abedi abedisaina13@gmail.com 100319475328460012149 0009-0000-1531-2857 No Department of Biology, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Mastaneh Ahmadirad mastaneh.ah@gmail.com 100319475328460012150 100319475328460012150 No Department of Biology, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Nakisa Zarrabi Ahrabi na.zarrabi@iauctb.ac.ir 100319475328460012151 100319475328460012151 Yes Department of Biology, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.