en فارماسیوتیکس Pharmaceutics مروری Review article <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes, and other kinds of diabetes mellitus are among the classifications that are compared in terms of genetics, etiology, and diagnostic criteria. Prominent scientists and research teams in the biomedical area have given molecular genetics in diabetes a great deal of attention. Numerous gene mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms related to glucose metabolism, as well as the growth, control, and operation of pancreatic cells at various levels and pathways, have been thoroughly investigated. An overview of next-generation nanocarrier-based insulin delivery systems, such as solid lipid-insulin nanoparticles, chitosan-insulin nanoparticles, PLGA-insulin nanoparticles, dextran-insulin nanoparticles, and polyalkyl cyanoacrylate-insulin nanoparticles, is provided in this work. Future therapeutic applications, especially the creation of oral or pulmonary insulin nanoformulations, may benefit from the possible modification of these insulin nanocarriers. There is a thorough discussion of the potential applications and constraints of these nanoparticles for tailored insulin administration. GLP-1 analogs show promise at advanced phases of development, according to several businesses. Additionally, conjugating insulin with other substances, such fatty acids or PEG, enables the alteration of their pharmacokinetic and physicochemical characteristics, providing a variety of administration methods, such as oral, transdermal, and parenteral. This strategy, which entails replacing pancreatic beta cells that secrete insulin, is a major step toward possibly discovering a &quot;cure&quot; for diabetes. The development of techniques to produce a high number of islet cells and protect them from the recipient&#39;s immune system will be crucial to the future of pancreatic islet transplants. This will reduce or eliminate the requirement for immunosuppressive medications.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Diabetes Mellitus, PLGA, Insulin Analogues, Peptide, Drug delivery 0 0 http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1286-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Gopa Roy Biswas goparoy2020@gmail.com Yes Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata Pakhi Chakraborty pakhi.chakraborty97@gmail.com No Department of Pharmaceutics, Noida institute of engineering & technology, Pharmacy institute Laboni Das laboni.d@technoindiaeducation.com No Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata